2025年是"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念提出20周年。这一科学论断深刻揭示了生态环境保护与经济发展 的辩证统一关系，突破了经济增长与生态环境保护对立的传统发展范式，引领中国走出了一条超越传统 工业文明范式、迈向生态文明新时代的高质量发展之路。生态产品价值实现是打通"绿水青山"向"金山 银山"转化的核心载体，是破解"两山"转化难题、增进民生福祉的具体实践。然而，生态产品价值实现 过程中长期存在的"难度量、难抵押、难交易、难变现"问题（以下简称"四难"），成为制约"绿水青 山"转化为"金山银山"的关键瓶颈，亟待突破。 "四难"问题不仅制约了生态资源的经济价值实现，更影响了"两山"理念的深入贯彻和民生福祉的持续提 升。破解"四难"不仅是生态经济领域的核心挑战，更是关乎民生福祉、推进共同富裕的重要路径。笔者 建议，从以下四个方面入手，促进相关问题得到有效解决。 "四难"制约"两山"转化 "难度量"指的是对生态产品价值评估时面临困境。生态资源的价值评估是实现生态资源经济价值的基 础，但目前这一环节面临诸多挑战。生态资源具有公共性、外部性等特点，其价值不仅包括直接的经济 价值，还包括气候调节、水源涵养等间接的生态服务价值 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights a record-breaking transaction in ecological product rights in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, where 25 ecological clean small watersheds were successfully traded for 1.21 billion yuan, marking the largest single transaction in this sector in China [1][2] - This transaction establishes a "governance-transformation-reciprocity" mechanism, transforming resources into assets and then into funds, thereby injecting vitality into local finances [1] Group 1: Transaction Details - The transaction involved the unified planning of 25 small watersheds, including the Tashan Reservoir and Dantou River, using an "overall packaging" model [1] - Prior to the transaction, Lianyungang completed value assessment, third-party evaluation, and public listing processes, culminating in a successful deal at 1.21 billion yuan [1] Group 2: Future Plans and Historical Context - The annual transaction amount will be allocated to the Lianyungang Water Conservancy Bureau for the operation and maintenance of soil and water conservation and water conservancy facilities [2] - The acquiring party, Lianyungang Agricultural Development Group, plans to modernize the relevant reservoirs ecologically and develop a model combining "ecological fishery + ecological cultural tourism" to further unlock the potential of ecological products [2] - The ecological foundation of Lianyungang has been built over decades, with significant investments in water conservancy projects since the 2014 national soil and water conservation initiative, covering 80 small watersheds [2]