深化集体林权制度 Eliet To 开E IFM 15 : E = 林业生产周期长、投入大,如何解决"钱从哪里来"问题?对 此,中国人民银行近日联合国家金融监管总局、国家林草局联合印 发的《关于金融支持林业高质量发展的通知》,从深化集体林权制 度改革金融服务、强化林业重要战略实施金融保障、加大林业产业 高质量发展金融投入、建立金融支持生态产品价值实现机制、完善 政策配套体系及保障机制等五个方面,提出15条具体措施。 . 8 0 推进林权抵押贷款增量提质扩 . 8 0 改革金融服务 拓宽可抵押林权范围,鼓励将用材 林中幼林、毛竹林、果树、设施花 卉、苗木等纳入抵押物范围。 稳步推行农户信用评价和林权抵押 相结合的可循环信用贷款。 探索林业专业合作组织法人授信和对 组织内成员授信相结合的服务模式。 完善林权收储担保和评估机制 有条件的地区根据实际需要推动成 立林权收储机构,鼓励社会资本开 展林权收储担保服务。 鼓励各地优化林权价值评估机制, 制定统一评估准则,明确操作程序 和收费标准。 强化抵押林权管理和处置 鼓励金融机构、抵押人签订林权抵 押贷款协议,对抵押林权监管作出 相应约定,督促抵押人在林权抵押 期间做好 ...

2025年是"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念提出20周年。这一科学论断深刻揭示了生态环境保护与经济发展 的辩证统一关系，突破了经济增长与生态环境保护对立的传统发展范式，引领中国走出了一条超越传统 工业文明范式、迈向生态文明新时代的高质量发展之路。生态产品价值实现是打通"绿水青山"向"金山 银山"转化的核心载体，是破解"两山"转化难题、增进民生福祉的具体实践。然而，生态产品价值实现 过程中长期存在的"难度量、难抵押、难交易、难变现"问题（以下简称"四难"），成为制约"绿水青 山"转化为"金山银山"的关键瓶颈，亟待突破。 "四难"问题不仅制约了生态资源的经济价值实现，更影响了"两山"理念的深入贯彻和民生福祉的持续提 升。破解"四难"不仅是生态经济领域的核心挑战，更是关乎民生福祉、推进共同富裕的重要路径。笔者 建议，从以下四个方面入手，促进相关问题得到有效解决。 "四难"制约"两山"转化 "难度量"指的是对生态产品价值评估时面临困境。生态资源的价值评估是实现生态资源经济价值的基 础，但目前这一环节面临诸多挑战。生态资源具有公共性、外部性等特点，其价值不仅包括直接的经济 价值，还包括气候调节、水源涵养等间接的生态服务价值 ...

"两山"转化不能止步于依赖资源的简单价值变现，关键要在资源、环境可承载的前提下取用有节 时下，旅游业日益成为很多地方的支柱产业。近年来，我们积极发展康养旅游产业，打造集科普研学、 旅游观光、康养食疗于一体的昭化药博园，建设栖凤峡等康养旅游示范地，推出天然温泉疗养、山地运 动健身等20余种健康养生"套餐"，带动周边群众增收。将生态致富与旅游致富有机融合，让园区变景 区、产业变景点，既发挥了我们的绿色优势，又满足了游客多元化、深层次需求，为乡村全面振兴注入 强劲力量。 发掘绿水青山的经济价值，要善于拓展价值链、延伸产业链。对旅游业这一综合性产业而言，更应发挥 其拉动力、融合力，大力发展"旅游+"。例如，我们挖掘蜀道文化、三国文化，开发"古蜀道徒步游"等 品牌，开展"追觅蜀地的绿野仙踪"等活动，让游客一站式实现山水观光与文化览胜。讲好景区故事，以 文化滋养生态，就能更好发挥倍增效应，让绿水青山的价值不再单一。又如，研学旅游、乡村旅游带动 农产品加工、手工艺制作等业态发展，产业链更长，体验更丰富，将更好留住游客、做强产业。 "两山"转化要关注效益，更要着眼长远。一方面，推进生态产业化，持续提升生态品质，助力生态产品 ...

为强化林业重要战略实施金融保障、加大林业产业高质量发展金融投入，《通知》强调，要聚焦国家储 备林建设、"三北"工程等重要生态工程建设，探索多元化投入机制，强化金融服务需求对接；针对林业 适度规模经营主体特点，提供适配的金融产品与服务，积极满足林下特色产业培育、原料收储及精深加 工、转型升级、冷链保鲜和物流等融资需求，综合运用信贷、股权、债券等融资方式，促进林业一二三 产业融合发展。 ◎记者 张琼斯 近日，中国人民银行、金融监管总局、国家林草局联合印发《关于金融支持林业高质量发展的通知》 （以下简称《通知》），以落实《深化集体林权制度改革方案》部署，牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金 山银山理念，发挥金融力量推动林业高质量发展。 围绕深化集体林权制度改革金融服务，《通知》提出，要加大林权抵押贷款产品和服务创新力度，拓宽 可抵押林权范围，依法合规延长贷款期限，推进林权抵押贷款增量提质扩面；有条件的地区根据实际需 要推动成立林权收储机构，鼓励社会资本开展林权收储担保服务；鼓励各地优化林权价值评估机制，制 定统一评估准则，明确操作程序和收费标准，提升评估方法的科学性与合理性；强化抵押林权管理和处 置，保护抵押权人合法权益； ...

附件： 《通知》强调，要聚焦国家储备林建设、"三北"工程等重要生态工程建设，探索多元化投入机制，强化 金融服务需求对接。针对林业适度规模经营主体特点，提供适配的金融产品与服务，积极满足林下特色 产业培育、原料收储及精深加工、转型升级、冷链保鲜和物流等融资需求，综合运用信贷、股权、债券 等融资方式，促进林业一二三产业融合发展。围绕林业碳汇资源经营开发，探索完善林业生态产品抵押 价值评估方法，运用数字化技术优化融资服务，提高生态产品价值融资的可得性、便利性和安全性。 《通知》要求，要用好结构性货币政策工具，拓宽涉林企业直接融资渠道，加大林业领域资金支持。探 索构建包括指数保险、产量保险、收入保险和责任保险在内的森林保险产品体系。提升金融机构风险防 控能力，构建评估、保险、监管、处置、收储五位一体的林权抵押贷款风险管理机制，加强金融风险防 范与管理。各地要建立金融支持林业改革发展工作会商机制，搭建有效的协作和信息交流平台，推动各 项政策措施落到实处。林业主管部门建立健全林业领域融资需求项目库，强化与金融系统共享对接，提 高融资对接精准度和有效性。 下一步，中国人民银行将与金融监管总局、国家林草局等部门加快推动《通知 ...

"两山"理念的四川实践 ●从长江黄河上游的生态担当到清洁能源的西部标杆，从公园城市的山水共生到民族地区的绿色 共富，从市场机制的价值转化到数智技术的绿色动能，四川的"两山"实践彰显保护即发展的辩证 智慧，为美丽中国建设提供了兼具地方特色和全局意义的解题方案——守护绿水青山，终得金山 银山；致力向绿而行，方能永续发展 智绿生金，推动科技驱动生态治理。科技赋能是提升"两山"转化效能的强大杠杆，其核心在于以 数智化手段破解传统治理瓶颈，提升生态系统保护效率，并为生态产业运营提供核心驱动力。四 川依托科技创新优势，构建了"数字治理+生态增值+价值转化"全链条科技赋能体系，形成科技驱 动"两山"转化的新模式。建成覆盖全省的实景三维数据库，率先试点自然资源确权"三维登记"， 通过自然资源资产数字化确权，实现生态资源可量化、可交易。在大熊猫国家公园应用"卫星遥感 +无人机+AI识别"智能监测系统，实时观测栖息地变化，并预警森林火灾。都江堰渠首数字孪生 系统大幅缩短了洪涝预警响应时间，提高了水资源利用率。创新开发"空天地"一体化生态碳汇评 估平台，构建覆盖四川全域碳汇资源动态监测体系，实现碳汇精准计量。 逐绿向新，促进新质生 ...

卢琦表示，"三北"工程作为国家重大战略，实施过程中要秉持整体观、系统观，统筹好山水林田湖草 沙，解决好水土资源的调配和优化，进行全系统治理。 新华社北京8月22日电（记者黄垚）22日召开的国务院常务会议审议通过《"三北"工程总体规划》。实 施"三北"工程是国家重大战略，事关我国生态安全、事关强国建设、事关中华民族永续发展。会议指 出，要增强使命感、责任感，锲而不舍推进工程建设，切实筑牢我国北方生态安全屏障。 当前，"三北"工程攻坚战正处在全面推进、攻坚克难的关键阶段。会议明确，要压实各方后期管护责 任，探索建立长效机制，鼓励各类经营主体共同做好工程建设后半篇文章。 "新时期，'三北'工程科学治沙理念实现了从单一植被建设转变为全域生态修复，从求生存转变为求发 展、求美丽、求幸福。"中国林科院首席科学家、三北工程研究院院长卢琦说，审议通过的总体规划适 应新形势新要求，为下一步工作更加精准地指明了方向。 国家林草局生态保护修复司相关负责人表示，林草部门将按照工程规划确定的时间表、路线图，坚定不 移抓落实、一张蓝图绘到底，持续用力、久久为功，确保如期完成目标任务，不断提升生态系统的多样 性、稳定性和持续性，把祖国北疆 ...

Group 1 - The concept of "Green Mountains and Clear Water are as Valuable as Mountains of Gold and Silver" was proposed 20 years ago, guiding the path for high-level ecological protection and high-quality economic development [1] - As of the end of last year, China's forest coverage rate exceeded 25%, and since the 14th Five-Year Plan, the country has completed afforestation of 4.5 million hectares and managed 1.05 million hectares of desertified land [1] - China's energy consumption per unit of GDP has decreased by 11.6% compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, making it one of the fastest countries in the world in terms of energy intensity reduction [1] Group 2 - Emphasizing integrated protection and systematic governance of ecosystems, the article highlights the need for comprehensive strategies rather than fragmented approaches to enhance the quality of ecological products [2] - The article suggests that the realization of ecological product value is crucial for promoting the appreciation and efficiency of ecological resources, with various regions exploring models like carbon trading platforms and "Two Mountains" banks [2] - The integration of digital technology with various industries is seen as a way to enhance the support for the transformation of the "Two Mountains" concept, optimizing the efficiency and benefits of ecological product value conversion [2] Group 3 - Recent institutional innovations related to the construction of a beautiful China have shown significant results, including the implementation of the Ecological Protection Compensation Regulations, which has created the largest and most comprehensive ecological compensation mechanism in the world [3] - The article emphasizes the importance of legal guarantees and the need for effective market and government collaboration to stimulate investment in the social sector, ensuring that green mountains and clear water become a foundation for wealth [3] - The call for sustained efforts and collaborative actions aims to continue writing a new chapter of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature in the context of Chinese-style modernization [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of the "Two Mountains" theory proposed by Xi Jinping, highlighting its role in promoting ecological protection and high-quality economic development over the past 20 years [1]. Group 1: Achievements in Ecological Development - As of the end of last year, China's forest coverage rate exceeded 25% [1] - Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the country has completed a total of 4.5 million hectares of land greening and managed 1.05 million hectares of desertified land [1] - Last year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 11.6% compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, making it one of the fastest countries in the world to reduce energy intensity [1] Group 2: Integrated Ecological Protection - The article advocates for an integrated approach to ecological protection, emphasizing the need for systematic governance of natural resources [2] - It suggests that both natural recovery and artificial restoration methods should be employed, tailored to specific local conditions [2] - The establishment of cross-regional and cross-element integrated protection and restoration plans is essential for effective ecological management [2] Group 3: Institutional Support for Ecological Transformation - Recent institutional innovations, such as the implementation of the Ecological Protection Compensation Regulations, have significantly enhanced ecological protection efforts [3] - The article highlights the importance of legal guarantees and social investment to stimulate market vitality and effective governance [3] - It calls for a collaborative approach among various stakeholders to ensure that ecological resources contribute to economic prosperity [3]

Core Insights - Shanghai has made significant progress in the construction of key application scenarios for green and low-carbon transformation, driving breakthroughs in green low-carbon technologies and the development of emerging green low-carbon industries [1][2] - The city is leveraging technological innovation to accelerate the transformation of green low-carbon technology achievements, with a focus on high-quality and precise ecological product supply [1][2] Green Technology and Initiatives - Shanghai Electric has pioneered the CCUS technology demonstration for coal and gas emissions, capturing over 140,000 tons of CO2 [2] - A total of 42 advanced green technologies and 9 demonstration projects have been selected in the 2025 version of the Shanghai Green Low-Carbon Advanced Technology Directory, covering energy conservation, environmental protection, and resource recycling [2][3] Sector-Specific Developments - In the industrial sector, Shanghai is focusing on new energy vehicles, hydrogen energy, and energy conservation and environmental protection, aiming to create a new engine for green development [3] - By June 2025, Shanghai plans to promote 437 million square meters of green buildings and 17 million square meters of ultra-low energy buildings [3] - The city has promoted over 1.8 million new energy vehicles, leading globally, and has established 1.05 million charging piles and 254 battery swap stations [3] Ecological Product Value Realization - Establishing a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products is crucial for promoting comprehensive green transformation in economic and social development [5][6] - By 2025, a preliminary institutional framework for ecological product value realization is expected to be formed, with a more scientific accounting system established by 2035 [5] Unique Ecological Advantages - Shanghai's unique ecological system features, including the Yangtze River estuary ecosystem and urban ecological spaces, contribute to a distinctive ecological product system [6][7] - The city has strong advantages in ecological product value transformation, including high consumer demand, a solid trading market foundation, and abundant supporting resources [7] Case Study: Shanghai World Expo Cultural Park - The Shanghai World Expo Cultural Park exemplifies the realization of ecological product value by integrating industrial heritage with ecological landscapes, achieving economic, social, and cultural benefits [8]