中国经济实际上是资本市场发展的背景。我们很多的政策为什么边际效率很低？是因为我们还没有了解中国经济正在发生根本性的变化，这个变化的核心标 志就是从过去的短缺经济现在进入到过剩经济的状态，我们只用了40多年的时间。我们的经济增长速度就非常快，人均GDP从40多年前的150美元到今天的 13500美元。 11月27日，"2025搜狐财经年度论坛"在北京举办。在论坛中，国家一级教授、中国人民大学原副校长、国家金融研究院院长吴晓求带来了题为"中国经济： 从短缺到过剩新的供求动态平衡机制"的主题分享。 吴晓求表示，中国经济正在发生根本性的变化，这个变化的核心标志就是从过去的短缺经济现在进入到过剩经济的状态，我们只用了40多年的时间。"面对 这种状况，我们必须要认真思考在当前条件下，消费怎么进行扩张。" 他表示，收入的增长靠就业，如果存量、增量的就业都有压力，收入的增加是非常困难的。显然，要把就业做好，就要把民营经济、国有经济做好。 另外，国家的存量财富——房地产价格处在下行阶段，这占到居民部门存量的60%，严重制约了消费的扩张，所以法律必须对所有合理的存量财富都要进行 有效保护。 "为什么中国人活得很累？我们经常加那么 ...

Core Viewpoint - The importance of studying the Soviet Union and Russia for China is emphasized, highlighting the need for more academic research in this area despite the current positive state of Sino-Russian relations [2][10][14]. Group 1: Academic Research on the Soviet Union - There is a noticeable lack of research output on Russia in China, despite the overall growth in international studies [2][10]. - The "Soviet, Soviet" series has published three works that reflect different aspects of the Soviet Union, providing valuable samples for research [2][4]. - The series includes titles that explore topics such as foreign guest shops, the Volga River hydropower stations, and the underlying factors of Soviet growth rates [4][14]. Group 2: Personal Experience and Observations - The speaker has extensive experience in Soviet and Russian studies, having worked in this field for nearly four decades [5][6]. - Observations from the late 1980s reveal a stark contrast between the abundance of goods in post-Soviet Russia and the shortages experienced during the Soviet era [9][10]. - The speaker recounts experiences of visiting the Soviet Union, noting the long queues for basic goods, which reflects the economic conditions of the time [8][9]. Group 3: Historical Context and Lessons - The disintegration of the Soviet Union has led to various interpretations of its history, particularly among Eastern European countries that were once part of the Soviet sphere [10][12]. - The speaker argues that understanding the lessons from the Soviet Union is crucial for China's development, suggesting that these lessons can aid in building socialism with Chinese characteristics [15][16]. - The historical narrative surrounding the Soviet Union continues to evolve, with differing perspectives emerging in Russia and the West [10][12].