欧洲等了八个月，中国终于放行了稀土许可证。马克龙访华不到两周，欧洲就得到了通行证，但这并不是他的功劳。 欧盟贸易和经济安全专员谢夫乔维奇确认，中国已开始发放有效期更长的稀土出口许可证。欧洲公司现在可以获得这些关键矿产资源，这对欧洲在清洁 技术、汽车制造以及国防等重要领域来说，都是一大好消息。谢夫乔维奇表示，自今年四月以来，中国已经批准了大约70%的稀土出口申请，而这次发 放的许可证有效期为一年，是他们首次获得的通用许可证。毫无疑问，欧洲对此感到非常激动，毕竟他们已经等了整整八个月。虽然欧洲企业一直在努 力寻求稀土资源，但实际上，短期内除了从中国进口，他们没有其他选择。而要从中国获取通行证，他们必须遵守中国在宏观层面设定的相关政策和规 定。 首先，中国自身的利益考量起到了决定作用。稀土出口政策是会根据实际情况进行调整的。10月底，中美举行了会晤并达成共识，美国方面传出中方可 能暂停稀土及其他关键矿产的出口管制的消息，但这一措施并不包括欧洲企业。现在看来，时机已经成熟，正好可以松口。 其次，尽管中欧之间存在一定分歧，但整体关系依然稳定。反倒是美欧关系开始出现裂痕。在这样的情况下，中国有必要妥善处理中欧之间的分歧， ...

Core Viewpoint - China's rare earth magnet exports to the US in July reached 619 tons, marking a year-on-year increase of 5% and a month-on-month increase of 76%, the highest level in six months, driven by US-China negotiations [2][7]. Group 1: Export Data - In July, China's total rare earth magnet exports amounted to 5,577 tons, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 6% and a month-on-month increase of 75%, returning to levels comparable to the previous year [4]. - The largest export destination for rare earth magnets was Germany, with 1,115 tons exported, showing a year-on-year decrease of 3% but a month-on-month increase of 46% [4]. - Exports to Japan were recorded at 232 tons, indicating a slow recovery, but when including semi-finished products like magnetic powder and alloys, total exports to Japan exceeded the previous year's level at 686 tons [4]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - Exports to India surged to 418 tons, a year-on-year increase of 60%, reaching approximately 2.4 times the previous month [7]. - China's share in global rare earth production is about 70%, with over 80% of the global rare earth magnet market being produced in China [7]. - Due to China's strengthened export restrictions on rare earth magnets, some US factories, including those of Ford, were forced to suspend operations [7].

Core Viewpoint - Chinese rare earth magnets have surpassed Japanese companies in global market share, now accounting for over 80%, compared to Japan's over 10% [1][2]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - Chinese company Jiangxi Jinli Permanent Magnet Technology has resumed exports of high-performance magnets to regions including the US, Europe, and Southeast Asia after obtaining export licenses [1][2]. - The global supply chain faced disruptions when China announced restrictions on rare earth exports, leading to production halts in the automotive sector [1][2]. - The partnership between Japanese companies and Chinese manufacturers has significantly enhanced China's technological capabilities in magnet production [2][3]. Group 2: Government Policies and Industry Growth - The Chinese government has emphasized the importance of technological innovation and industry chain extension, as highlighted by President Xi Jinping's visit to Jiangxi Jinli Permanent Magnet Technology [3]. - The "Made in China 2025" policy aims to support key industries, including electric vehicles and core components like magnets [3]. - Jiangxi Jinli Permanent Magnet Technology plans to invest 1.05 billion RMB to expand production capacity by 1.6 times by 2027 [3]. Group 3: Competitive Landscape - Japanese magnet manufacturers are facing pressure from domestic clients to reduce prices, limiting their investment capabilities [3]. - The recent recovery of Chinese magnet exports has not fully met the high-tech industry's demand, indicating ongoing supply challenges [4]. - Companies that previously relied on Japanese magnets are now considering sourcing from Chinese manufacturers to stabilize their supply chains [4].

Core Viewpoint - The recent trade negotiations between China and the U.S. have led to concerns regarding China's decision to open up rare earth exports, which may have implications for national security and trade dynamics [1] Group 1: Export Policy and Regulations - China is committed to a responsible export policy for rare earths, focusing on civilian needs while ensuring compliance with regulations [3] - The export of rare earths is subject to three main controls: civilian use, related items, and quantity limitations [5][7] Group 2: Specific Controls - The first control emphasizes civilian use, excluding military applications from export without permission, with recent approvals for civilian rare earth magnets for U.S. automakers [5] - The second control pertains to related items, ensuring that dual-use rare earths are carefully monitored to prevent military misuse [7] - The third control involves strict quantity management, linking exports to actual production needs and allowing for immediate cessation of exports if agreements are violated [7]

Group 1 - The Chinese government has approved a batch of rare earth export applications, emphasizing compliance with strict regulations [1][3] - China produces over 90% of the world's rare earth elements, making the export approvals significant for global supply chains, particularly for the U.S. semiconductor industry [3][5] - The recent U.S.-China economic talks in London aimed to establish a preliminary consensus on cooperation, with both sides expressing their needs regarding rare earth supply stability [1][3][5] Group 2 - Other countries, such as the EU and Japan, are actively seeking alternatives to reduce reliance on Chinese rare earths, with the EU planning a critical raw materials act and Japan developing recycling technologies [5][7] - Environmental concerns have led to stricter approval processes for rare earth mining in China, particularly in regions like Inner Mongolia, where past pollution issues were significant [8] - The ongoing U.S.-China discussions are expected to continue, focusing on finding a balance in rare earth supply while adhering to established regulations [7][8]