稀土技术竞争

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中美俄稀土储量差距:俄1000万吨,美190万吨,中国资源让我意外
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-05-17 06:18
Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant disparity in rare earth reserves among China, the United States, and Russia, emphasizing China's dominant position in the global rare earth supply chain and its implications for technology and military capabilities [3][5][12]. Summary by Sections Reserve Distribution - China holds an astonishing 44 million tons of rare earth reserves, far surpassing the United States' 1.9 million tons and Russia's reported figures of either 1 million tons or 380,000 tons [5][12]. - The Baiyun Obo mine in Inner Mongolia accounts for 70% of China's total rare earth reserves, showcasing the concentration of resources in the country [8][12]. Production and Costs - In 2023, the U.S. produced only 43,000 tons of rare earths, meeting less than half of its domestic demand, leading to a reliance on imports from China [10][12]. - Russia's rare earth production in 2023 was only 2,600 tons, indicating a significant gap compared to China's output [12][22]. Strategic Importance - Rare earth elements are crucial for modern military technology, with significant quantities required for advanced weaponry and aerospace applications, such as the F-35 fighter jet and Virginia-class submarines [16][20]. - The article argues that control over rare earth resources equates to control over military technology, positioning China advantageously in global military supply chains [20][26]. Technological Edge - China leads in rare earth separation and purification technology, achieving a purity level of 99.99%, and holds 90% of the global rare earth separation technology patents [22][24]. - The recycling rate of rare earths in China exceeds 95%, making it more cost-effective and environmentally friendly compared to new mining operations [24][26]. Future Demand - The demand for rare earths is expected to grow significantly, with projections indicating a 50% increase in global consumption by 2030, particularly for heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium [24][26]. - China's comprehensive advantages in reserves, technology, and the entire supply chain position it as a key player in the future of the rare earth market [26][28].