10月底，公司宣布投资约1.8亿美元新建设施，年处理能力提升至5000吨重稀土原料，预计2026年4月投 产，包括钐产品输出。 稀土元素作为现代工业基础材料，在国防和高科技领域发挥不可或缺作用。重稀土如镝和铽用于制造高 强度磁体和耐高温合金，这些部件支撑战斗机、导弹和电动汽车等关键设备。全球稀土资源分布虽广， 但加工环节高度集中。 中国通过长期技术积累和产业链优化，掌控全球90%以上稀土精炼产能，特别是重稀土分离接近 100%。这种优势源于国内资源整合和创新驱动，南方赣州和北方包头形成专业分工，确保供应高效稳 定。西方国家视此为潜在风险，推动多样化布局，但实际进展需面对技术门槛和成本挑战。 澳大利亚莱纳斯稀土公司在马来西亚关丹工厂实现重稀土分离突破，于2025年5月产出首批氧化镝，并 计划扩展至铽等元素。该工厂年产能初设1500吨分离氧化物，针对军工需求设计。 中国稀土优势体现在技术制高点，中科院无稀土永磁体技术预计2026年商用，性能接近传统，适用于电 机领域，潜在减少重稀土需求。包头研究院基因工程实验室模拟材料性能，加速创新。 这一步骤源于西方战略调整，自2020年代初，美欧日加大投资海外项目，旨在减少对 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant disparity in rare earth reserves among China, the United States, and Russia, emphasizing China's dominant position in the global rare earth supply chain and its implications for technology and military capabilities [3][5][12]. Summary by Sections Reserve Distribution - China holds an astonishing 44 million tons of rare earth reserves, far surpassing the United States' 1.9 million tons and Russia's reported figures of either 1 million tons or 380,000 tons [5][12]. - The Baiyun Obo mine in Inner Mongolia accounts for 70% of China's total rare earth reserves, showcasing the concentration of resources in the country [8][12]. Production and Costs - In 2023, the U.S. produced only 43,000 tons of rare earths, meeting less than half of its domestic demand, leading to a reliance on imports from China [10][12]. - Russia's rare earth production in 2023 was only 2,600 tons, indicating a significant gap compared to China's output [12][22]. Strategic Importance - Rare earth elements are crucial for modern military technology, with significant quantities required for advanced weaponry and aerospace applications, such as the F-35 fighter jet and Virginia-class submarines [16][20]. - The article argues that control over rare earth resources equates to control over military technology, positioning China advantageously in global military supply chains [20][26]. Technological Edge - China leads in rare earth separation and purification technology, achieving a purity level of 99.99%, and holds 90% of the global rare earth separation technology patents [22][24]. - The recycling rate of rare earths in China exceeds 95%, making it more cost-effective and environmentally friendly compared to new mining operations [24][26]. Future Demand - The demand for rare earths is expected to grow significantly, with projections indicating a 50% increase in global consumption by 2030, particularly for heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium [24][26]. - China's comprehensive advantages in reserves, technology, and the entire supply chain position it as a key player in the future of the rare earth market [26][28].