中国稀土公司，绕开国内管制，向西方继续出口产品这事，说白了，就是拿国家战略安全换自家私利。 往根上说，就是资敌行为。 谁能想到，全球最受重视的战略资源之一，竟然被自家企业绕开管控偷偷卖到了外面去。 而这些"外面"，恰好就是在近几年频繁对中国科技产业下绊子的西方国家。 最近曝出的稀土磁铁出口事件，不仅刺痛了监管层，更让整个产业链神经紧绷。这事表面看是企业逐 利，实质上却是以国家安全为代价换取短期利益的"资敌"操作。 在中国，稀土从来不只是资源，它是关乎国家战略安全的底层筹码。 前言 稀土，尤其是那些经过复杂工艺提炼后的钕、镝、铽，根本不是什么普通的工业添加剂。 而是行业内的"硬通货"，不仅决定了风力发电设备的效率，更直接关系到类似F-35这样的西方主力战机 的性能上限。 正因如此，早在2010年秋天，当中国因为外交摩擦暂停对某些国家出口稀土时，日本庞大的汽车和电子 产业瞬间陷入了几乎断供的恐慌。 那一次，全球都看懂了中国手中这张牌的分量——这不是买卖，这是命门。 然而，十几年过去了，当中国试图进一步规范这张牌的打法，将行业话语权从单纯的"卖资源"升级 为"控技术"时，一群"内鬼"却在悄悄帮对手解套。 01 在巨 ...

1 月 6 日，一则重磅消息引发全球关注：鉴于日本近期的恶劣表现，中方正考虑针对性收紧 7 类中重稀土相关物项的出口许可审查。这 7 种被称为 "科技工 业维生素" 的关键资源 —— 钐、钆、铽、镝、镥、钪、钇，早已在 2025 年 4 月纳入出口管制，如今的审查升级，无疑击中了日本产业的 "命脉"。 中重稀土：不止是矿产，更是战略王牌 一旦出口审查收紧，日本汽车、电子零部件、风力发电、医疗设备及航空航天五大领域将首当其冲。野村综合研究所测算，若限制持续 3 个月，日本将损失 6600 亿日元，GDP 下降 0.11%；持续一年损失更是高达 2.6 万亿日元，相当于直接砍掉 0.43% 的年 GDP。对于以高端制造为核心竞争力的日本来说，这无 疑是 "釜底抽薪"。 很多人觉得稀土只是普通矿产，实则是现代科技的 "核心密码"。其独特的物理化学性质，让它在高端制造、国防科技等领域无可替代。 在永磁材料领域，铽、镝等重稀土是高端钕铁硼磁体的 "关键添加剂"，能让磁体在高温环境下保持稳定，这是新能源汽车驱动电机、风力发电机的核心部 件。而钐钴磁体更是航空航天发动机、石油钻井设备等极端环境的 "专属选择"，没有它，很多 ...

【DT新材料】 获悉，1月6日， 商务部 公告，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》等法律法规有关规定，为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义 务， 决定加强两用物项对 日本 出口管制。 现将有关事项公告如下： 禁止所有两用物项对日本军事用户、军事用途，以及一切有助于提升日本军事实力的其他最终用户用途出口 。任何国家和地区的 组织和个人，违反上述规定，将原产于中华人民共和国的相关两用物项转移或提供给日本的组织和个人，将依法追究法律责任。本公告自公布之日起正式 实施。 与此同时， 据中国日报，据可靠消息人士称， 中国政府正考虑针对性收紧2025年4月4日列管的 中重稀土相关物 项出口许可审查。包括 钐、钆、铽、 镝、镥、钪、钇 等7类中重稀土相关物项。 日本野村综合研究所的评估显示， 日本用于电动汽车驱动电机钕磁体的镝、铽等重稀土几乎100%依赖中国供应，一旦受限，日本经济将面临较大冲击。 假设中国对日稀土出口限制持续3个月，其结果是造成6600亿日元左右的损失，促使年名义和实际GDP下降0.11%。如果持续一年，损失额将达2.6万亿 日元左右，年名义和实际GDP将减少0.43%。 关于两用物项 据《 中华人民共 ...

据可靠消息人士称，鉴于日本近期恶劣表现，中国政府正考虑针对性收紧2025年4月4日列管的中重稀 土相关物项出口许可审查。 2025年4月4日，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》等有关法律法规，商务部会同海关总署发布关于 对钐、钆、铽、镝、镥、钪、钇等7类中重稀土相关物项实施出口管制措施的公告，并于发布之日起正 式实施。 商务部新闻发言人何亚东在去年12月4日的例行发布会上曾表示，日本首相高市早苗公然发表涉台错误 言论，严重破坏了中日关系的政治基础，日方对此负有不可推卸的责任。 何亚东强调，中方已多次阐明严正立场，敦促日方立即纠正错误言行，以实际行动体现对中方承诺，为 两国正常经贸合作创造条件。如果日方一意孤行，中方将采取必要措施，一切后果由日方承担。 日本野村综合研究所的评估显示，日本用于电动汽车驱动电机钕磁体的镝、铽等重稀土几乎100%依赖 中国供应，一旦受限，日本经济将面临较大冲击。 野村综合研究所估算，假设中国对日稀土出口限制持续3个月，其结果是造成6600亿日元左右的损 失，促使年名义和实际GDP下降0.11%。如果持续一年，损失额将达2.6万亿日元左右，年名义和实际 GDP将减少0.43%。 来源｜中 ...

来源：热点雷达 嗯，用户要求我分析关于"商务部:已批准部分稀土出口申请"的搜索结果，并生成符合要求的回答。用 户提供了55个搜索结果，我需要深入理解这些内容并组织成结构化的回答。 首先看一下搜索结果的整体情况。主要信息集中在商务部12月18日宣布已批准部分稀土出口通用许可申 请。这是对之前实施的稀土出口管制的调整，标志着政策从全面收紧转向精准施策。 用户可能最关注的是政策变化的具体内容和影响。从搜索结果看，有几个关键点值得注意：获批企业主 要是像金力永磁、中科三环、宁波韵升这样的稀土永磁头部企业；通用许可允许企业在一年内多次出 口，无需逐笔审批；审批时间从45天压缩到15天左右；但中重稀土原料如镝、铽的限制仍然严格执行。 政策变化的原因方面，搜索结果提到随着企业和监管部门合规经验的积累，部分出口商已达到申请通用 许可的基本要求。这也是对国际关切的回应，特别是欧盟企业面临供应链压力的问题。 地缘政治因素很明显。搜索结果显示，中国对稀土出口采取差异化策略：欧盟约70%申请已获批；日本 因政治言论被延迟审批；美国军工企业受影响最大。这显示稀土已成为中国的重要战略筹码。 市场反应方面，稀土永磁板块股票上涨，但需注意短 ...

Investment Rating - Industry rating: Maintain "Overweight" [4] Core Views - The rare earth magnetic materials industry has continued its downward trend, with a 5.29% decline this week, underperforming the benchmark (CSI 300) by 1.52 percentage points [6][13] - The current industry valuation (TTM P/E) has decreased by 3.97x to 69.94x, which is at 84.1% of the historical percentile [6][13] - Light rare earth concentrate prices have rebounded, while medium and heavy rare earth prices have slightly declined [7][10] - The market sentiment remains cautious, with expectations of price stabilization and potential upward trends in the future due to tightening supply and improving demand [10][44] Summary by Sections Market Performance - The rare earth magnetic materials sector has seen a relative return of -12% over the past month, -9% over three months, and a positive 46% over the past year [5] - Absolute returns are -15% for one month, -5% for three months, and 57% for twelve months [5] Price Movements - Light rare earth concentrate prices have increased by 2.86% to 3.6 million CNY/ton, 3.23% to 3.2 million CNY/ton, and 3.85% to 2.7 million CNY/ton for different mines [10] - The average price of praseodymium-neodymium oxide has risen by 0.73% to 549,000 CNY/ton, while praseodymium-neodymium metal has slightly decreased by 0.15% [15][17] - Dysprosium prices have continued to decline by 1.66% to 1,485 CNY/kg, and terbium prices have also decreased [22] Investment Recommendations - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating, suggesting that despite high valuation pressures, the expected recovery in rare earth prices and demand could lead to improved profitability for downstream magnetic material companies [44][45] - It is recommended to focus on upstream rare earth resource companies and downstream magnetic material companies with strong customer structures and growth potential [11][45]

Core Insights - Lynas Corporation has successfully developed a rare earth extraction technology for heavy rare earth oxide dysprosium, becoming the first company to commercialize rare earth processing outside of China, which opens new supply channels for Western countries [1][3] - The company plans to achieve commercial production of another rare earth element, terbium, within six months and has received a $258 million order from the United States, leading to the establishment of a new production facility in Texas [1] Industry Analysis - The announcement has sparked significant reactions from Western media, celebrating it as a major breakthrough against China's dominance in the rare earth sector; however, experts express concerns about the actual impact of this development [3] - The transition from technological breakthrough to mature application requires time, as evidenced by the lengthy process for solid-state battery technology; Lynas's extraction process is still in its early stages, with a target production capacity of only 1,500 tons per year compared to China's 10,000 to 15,000 tons [5] - The global rare earth supply chain heavily relies on China, which accounts for 69.1% of global rare earth production and dominates refining capabilities, with 77% of refining capacity and 91% of refining activities concentrated in China [5] - Even with advancements in extraction technology, the lack of stable raw material supply remains a critical challenge for the industry, as Western countries still depend on China for many rare earth elements [5]

Core Insights - Rare earth elements are essential in modern industry, particularly in defense and high-tech sectors, with heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium being crucial for manufacturing high-strength magnets and high-temperature alloys [2] - China dominates the global rare earth refining capacity, controlling over 90% of the market, especially in heavy rare earth separation, which is nearly 100% [2][6] - Western countries are attempting to diversify their rare earth supply chains due to reliance on China, but face significant technological and cost challenges [2][4] Group 1: China's Dominance - China's annual production of heavy rare earths exceeds 150,000 tons, far surpassing Lynas's output, which is only 1% of China's level [6] - China holds 439 patents related to refining processes, with purity levels consistently above 99% [6] - The Chinese government is expanding export controls on rare earths, adding five more elements to the list, indicating a strategic move to maintain its market position [15] Group 2: Western Efforts - Lynas Rare Earths has achieved a breakthrough in heavy rare earth separation at its plant in Malaysia, with plans to produce dysprosium oxide by May 2025 and expand to terbium [4] - The plant is designed to meet military demands, with an initial capacity of 1,500 tons of separated oxides, which will be increased to 5,000 tons by 2026 [4] - Western countries, including the US, EU, and Japan, are investing in overseas projects to reduce dependence on a single source, but face challenges in local regulations and training [7][11] Group 3: Technological Competition - China is advancing in technology, with research institutions reducing the development cycle for neodymium-iron-boron magnets to 17 months using quantum computing models [6] - The Chinese recycling system has achieved a 35% recovery rate, which helps alleviate pressure on mining resources [13] - Western companies are struggling with high costs and dependency on government subsidies, making it difficult to compete with China's established supply chain [11][15] Group 4: Future Outlook - The global rare earth competition is fundamentally a technological race, with China controlling the entire lifecycle from mining to recycling [18] - Western efforts to break free from dependence on China are expected to take a decade, with limited short-term impact [18] - The establishment of alliances, such as the BRICS rare earth alliance, aims to enhance resource security and increase production capacity [11][15]

Core Insights - The U.S. is forming a "Critical Minerals Trading Club" with multiple countries to restructure supply chains and reduce dependence on foreign sources, aiming to dominate the AI and green industries [1][2][3] Group 1: Formation and Objectives of the Trading Club - The "Critical Minerals Trading Club" aims to be a core platform for Western countries to engage in the refining and processing of critical minerals, with the ultimate goal of leading the AI competition [2] - The club has already begun formation with participation from Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Australia, and Thailand [2] - The initiative reflects a broader strategy among Western nations to fill gaps in internal mineral trade systems and promote industry expansion [2][3] Group 2: Current Market Dynamics - There is a significant surge in interest and investment in critical minerals like rare earths and lithium, leading to what is being termed a "rare earth rush" [1][6] - The U.S. and Australia are expected to see substantial growth in rare earth trade, with a projected 67% increase in trade volume in 2024 [6] - The Biden administration's support for domestic clean energy projects has already led to a rise in lithium-related stock prices, indicating a favorable market environment for critical minerals [6][7] Group 3: Challenges and Risks - The restructuring of supply chains faces challenges such as technological limitations, cost issues, and differing interests among member countries [1][2] - The U.S. still relies on traditional methods for processing rare earths, which may not meet the high-end industry demands, indicating a need for external technological support [3] - There are warnings about potential investment overheating in the critical minerals sector, with historical parallels drawn to past resource booms [9][10] Group 4: Geopolitical Implications - The U.S. aims to establish a supply chain independent of China, which currently holds a dominant position in the rare earth market, controlling over 90% of global refining capacity [3][10] - The formation of the trading club is seen as a strategic move to weaken China's influence in global supply chains [10][11] - The differing objectives among member countries, such as resource pricing and environmental standards, may complicate the club's effectiveness [10][11]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. is forming a "Critical Minerals Trading Club" with multiple countries to restructure supply chains and reduce dependence on foreign sources, aiming to dominate the AI and green industries. However, challenges such as technology, costs, and internal member interests may hinder this initiative, while some countries face risks of overheating investments in critical mineral assets [1][2][4]. Group 1: Formation of the Trading Club - The U.S. plans to create a "Critical Minerals Trading Club" as a core platform for Western countries to engage in critical mineral refining and processing trade, with the ultimate goal of leading the AI competition [2][4]. - The club has already begun formation with participation from Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Australia, and Thailand [2]. Group 2: Energy Security and Policy Implications - Energy security is deemed crucial for the U.S. to maintain its global influence, with critical minerals being essential for AI production [4]. - The U.S. Treasury announced a "Mineral Security Partnership Financing Network" involving over ten countries, managing assets exceeding $30 trillion to support mineral trade projects [4]. Group 3: Market Dynamics and Investment Trends - The global trade of rare earths is experiencing significant growth, with a projected 67% increase in U.S.-Australia rare earth trade in 2024 and a 52% rise in intra-EU rare earth semi-finished product transactions [8]. - U.S. stocks related to lithium and rare earths have surged, with some companies seeing stock price increases of over 300% this year [9][10]. Group 4: Geopolitical Context and Challenges - The U.S. aims to establish a supply chain independent of China, which currently dominates the rare earth market with over 90% of global refining capacity [5][12]. - There are discrepancies in the objectives of participating countries in the trading club, with the U.S. seeking rule-making power, while resource-rich countries like Australia and Canada aim to increase mineral prices and exports [12]. Group 5: Future Outlook and Risks - Experts warn of potential overheating in the critical minerals market, drawing parallels to past resource booms, indicating that many companies may not succeed in this sector [11]. - The transition to a more sustainable and independent supply chain is expected to be long and costly, with significant challenges ahead [11][12].