稀土贸易战

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中国稀土分级管控,美国军工民用都受影响?特朗普威胁加税
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-08-26 20:47
一场围绕稀土的"卡脖子"之战:美国总统的失态与中国的战略布局 "中国必须给我们稀土!"2025年8月,时任美国总统特朗普在白宫的舞台上,面对全球目光,发出了近乎咆哮的警告。他甚至威胁,若中国不就 范,将对中国商品施加高达200%的惩罚性关税。是什么让这位美国总统在世界面前如此"失态"?答案,就隐藏在美国最为尖端的军事工业—— F-35战斗机的生产线上。 每一架F-35战斗机,都需要约417公斤的中国稀土作为关键部件。然而,五角大楼彼时仅有可供3个月作战储备的稀土。当中国收紧稀土出口 的"阀门"时,美国军工复合体第一次切肤感受到被"卡脖子"的窒息感。 2025年4月,中国对钐、铽、镝等七类中重稀土实施出口管制,这一举措犹如精准打击,直刺美国军事的"命门"。 五角大楼内部的报告揭示了这场危机触目惊心的细节: F-35生产线骤降: 由于关键磁体短缺,F-35生产线被迫减产42%,年产量从原计划的156架"雪崩式"跌至89架。 核潜艇停滞: 每艘弗吉尼亚级核潜艇消耗约4吨稀土,而关键声呐部件所需的镝元素供应中断,直接导致部分潜艇项目陷入停工。 "标枪"导弹受阻: 另一款明星武器"标枪"反坦克导弹,其高性能钕铁硼磁体的 ...
让美国战机飞不起来!中国的绝地反击,外媒:这比芯片更严重
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-08-22 04:56
此时,全球媒体纷纷报道中国的稀土禁令,认为这一举措标志着贸易战的进一步升级,影响深远,甚至超越了芯片禁运的后果。五角大楼也承认,虽然他们 还拥有一定的稀土储备,但这些储备远远不足以维持长时间的国防需求。因此,不禁让人问,为什么美国会放弃稀土生产,而将这一重要产业交给了中国? 其实,这一切的根源可以追溯到20世纪40年代末。当时,英国和美国的冶金学家发明了一种低技术含量的方式,通过在球墨铸铁中加入稀土元素铈,提高其 质量,进而推动了稀土金属的工业应用。尽管欧美国家在稀土应用上起步较早,但直到改革开放后,中国才开始在这一领域迎头赶上。 1978年,邓小平提出了整顿钢铁工业的计划,并指派方毅副总理亲自负责。方毅带领专家团队深入包头,决定开采稀土。包头,作为中国稀土产业的发源 地,也成了全球稀土产业的关键点。方毅当年便预见到稀土在钢铁、玻璃陶瓷、军工等多个领域的重要价值。到了90年代,中国的稀土精炼技术取得突破, 尤其在重稀土的分离技术上,中国几乎达到了垄断水平,成功战胜了欧美的竞争者。 2025年4月,特朗普再一次让人摸不着头脑,重新采取了他那熟悉的关税政策,这次,他不仅仅针对中国,而是将关税大棒挥向了全球。不同于 ...
彭博:稀土为何成为中美贸易战的王牌
彭博· 2025-06-15 16:03
Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the rare earth industry Core Insights - Rare earth elements are critical materials essential for modern technology, including semiconductors and green technologies, with increasing demand driven by efforts to reduce carbon emissions [3][4] - China dominates the global rare earth supply chain, controlling approximately 70% of the mining and refining output, which poses risks to the U.S. economy, particularly in defense sectors [12][13][19] - The U.S. has been heavily reliant on Chinese rare earth imports, with efforts underway to increase domestic production and reduce this dependency [28][30] Summary by Sections Overview of Rare Earth Elements - Rare earth elements consist of 17 metals known for their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, making them widely used in various applications [4][6] - Despite their name, rare earth elements are relatively abundant in the Earth's crust, but the challenge lies in economically extracting them in sufficient concentrations [9] Global Supply Dynamics - China has significantly increased its rare earth production, reaching 270,000 tons in 2024, doubling its output in five years, while the U.S. produced only 45,000 tons [12][13] - The U.S. ranks seventh globally in rare earth reserves, holding only about 4% of China's reserves, which limits its refining capabilities [14][19] Trade Tensions and Export Controls - China has utilized its rare earth dominance as leverage in trade negotiations, imposing export restrictions that affect U.S. industries reliant on these materials [20][25] - The U.S. has initiated measures to boost domestic rare earth production, including executive orders to expedite project approvals and increase funding for critical minerals [28][30] Future Outlook - The ongoing trade tensions and China's control over rare earth supplies highlight the strategic importance of these materials in global supply chains, particularly for technology and defense sectors [19][22]