方小敏，中国科学院院士，发展中国家科学院院士，中国科学院青藏高原研究所研究员、博士生导 师，中国地理学会会士，中国青藏高原研究会常务理事，中国可持续发展研究会和中国第四纪科学研究 会副理事长。主要研究领域为青藏高原隆起与环境变化。揭示了高原重要区域隆升和地貌格局形成过 位于西藏自治区山南市浪卡子县境内的措嘉冰川。 新华社记者 姜帆摄 方小敏院士 受访者供图 程，阐明了高原地貌演化的气候环境效应及其机制。获国家自然科学奖二等奖、首届青藏高原青年科技 奖。 青藏高原是屹立于亚洲之巅的"世界屋脊"，是滋养了亿万生命的"亚洲水塔"，更是驱动全球气候变 化的超级"引擎"。随着第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（以下简称"第二次青藏科考"）不断深入，科 学家正一步步揭开这片地球第三极的神秘面纱。 前不久，第二次青藏科考成果综合集成应用发布会在拉萨举行。会上，中国科学院院士、中国科学 院青藏高原研究所研究员方小敏提出"三极联动"的新思考。 青藏高原如何作为全球气候变化的"策源地"牵动两极、影响世界？人类应如何应对青藏高原变化给 全球带来的影响？科技日报记者就这些问题对方小敏进行了专访。 青藏高原、南北极是相互关联的"三极" 一 ...

Core Insights - The second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, emphasized by General Secretary Xi Jinping, aims to reveal environmental changes and optimize ecological security systems, significantly impacting sustainable development and global ecological protection [1][9]. Group 1: "极目一号" Airship Development - The "极目一号" series airships, led by the Aerospace Information Innovation Research Institute, have played a crucial role in the second scientific investigation since 2017, achieving multiple records and continuous upgrades over eight years of high-altitude testing [2][10]. - The "极目一号" airship has a length of 39 meters and a volume of 3000 cubic meters, with the smallest model used in recent atmospheric observation tests [9]. Group 2: Atmospheric Observation Tests - During the atmospheric observation tests in Lulang, the "极目一号" airship carried 16 types of observation payloads weighing approximately 200 kilograms, reaching an altitude of 5500 meters and completing 40 flight validations [5][10]. - The tests provided critical data for understanding climate change in the plateau region, supporting dynamic monitoring and sustainable development in sensitive areas [5][6]. Group 3: Technological Innovations - The airship team has developed a fully controllable technology system through iterative improvements, addressing challenges such as extreme cold, strong winds, and low pressure [11][12]. - Over the past five years, the team has applied for more than 60 patents related to airship technology, enhancing innovation and providing a solid foundation for advancements in the field [14]. Group 4: Applications and Future Prospects - The "极目一号" airship is positioned as a versatile platform for various applications, including scientific observation, emergency communication, and ecological monitoring, demonstrating significant advantages over traditional aircraft [15][16]. - The airship technology is expected to drive upgrades in related industries, with successful applications in diverse scenarios such as grassland monitoring and maritime communication [17][20].