方小敏，中国科学院院士，发展中国家科学院院士，中国科学院青藏高原研究所研究员、博士生导 师，中国地理学会会士，中国青藏高原研究会常务理事，中国可持续发展研究会和中国第四纪科学研究 会副理事长。主要研究领域为青藏高原隆起与环境变化。揭示了高原重要区域隆升和地貌格局形成过 位于西藏自治区山南市浪卡子县境内的措嘉冰川。 新华社记者 姜帆摄 方小敏院士 受访者供图 程，阐明了高原地貌演化的气候环境效应及其机制。获国家自然科学奖二等奖、首届青藏高原青年科技 奖。 青藏高原是屹立于亚洲之巅的"世界屋脊"，是滋养了亿万生命的"亚洲水塔"，更是驱动全球气候变 化的超级"引擎"。随着第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（以下简称"第二次青藏科考"）不断深入，科 学家正一步步揭开这片地球第三极的神秘面纱。 前不久，第二次青藏科考成果综合集成应用发布会在拉萨举行。会上，中国科学院院士、中国科学 院青藏高原研究所研究员方小敏提出"三极联动"的新思考。 青藏高原如何作为全球气候变化的"策源地"牵动两极、影响世界？人类应如何应对青藏高原变化给 全球带来的影响？科技日报记者就这些问题对方小敏进行了专访。 青藏高原、南北极是相互关联的"三极" 一 ...

近日，第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究发布"十大应用成果"，包括全过程科学支撑青藏高原生态 保护立法、建成地球系统综合观测与预警平台、提出青藏高原国家公园群建设与自然保护地体系优化方 案等，揭示青藏高原环境变化机理，对推动青藏高原可持续发展具有重要意义。 青藏高原是世界屋脊、亚洲水塔，是地球第三极，是我国重要的生态安全屏障、战略资源储备基 地，是中华民族特色文化的重要保护地。开展第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究，揭示青藏高原环境变 化机理，优化生态安全屏障体系，对推动青藏高原可持续发展具有重要意义。 "十大应用成果"系统呈现科考进展及标志性成果 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（以下简称"第二次青藏科考"）于2017年8月启动。近日，第二 次青藏科考成果综合集成应用发布会在西藏拉萨召开，会上发布"十大应用成果"，并通过图文、实物及 数字化展示等方式，系统呈现第二次青藏科考的顶层设计、标志性进展、四大成果体系以及30项代表性 成果等内容。 "第二次青藏科考涵盖生态保护、灾害防控、资源能源调查、碳收支核算、交通安全保障、边疆发 展等领域。"中国科学院院士、第二次青藏科考队队长姚檀栋说。 新发现填补科学空白，揭示青藏高原 ...

青藏高原是世界屋脊、亚洲水塔，是地球第三极，是我国重要的生态安全屏障、战略资源储备基地，是 中华民族特色文化的重要保护地。开展第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究，揭示青藏高原环境变化机 理，优化生态安全屏障体系，对推动青藏高原可持续发展具有重要意义。 "十大应用成果"系统呈现科考进展及标志性成果 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（以下简称"第二次青藏科考"）于2017年8月启动。近日，第二次青 藏科考成果综合集成应用发布会在西藏拉萨召开，会上发布"十大应用成果"，并通过图文、实物及数字 化展示等方式，系统呈现第二次青藏科考的顶层设计、标志性进展、四大成果体系以及30项代表性成果 等内容。 核心阅读 近日，第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究发布"十大应用成果"，包括全过程科学支撑青藏高原生态保护 立法、建成地球系统综合观测与预警平台、提出青藏高原国家公园群建设与自然保护地体系优化方案 等，揭示青藏高原环境变化机理，对推动青藏高原可持续发展具有重要意义。 第二次青藏科考以"地球系统科学"为框架，构建了"空天地"一体化观测体系；形成"科学—政策—实 践"闭环，科考成果为青藏高原生态保护立法提供依据；针对冰湖溃决、泥石流等灾害 ...

核心阅读 近日，第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究发布"十大应用成果"，包括全过程科学支撑青藏高原生态保护 立法、建成地球系统综合观测与预警平台、提出青藏高原国家公园群建设与自然保护地体系优化方案 等，揭示青藏高原环境变化机理，对推动青藏高原可持续发展具有重要意义。 青藏高原是世界屋脊、亚洲水塔，是地球第三极，是我国重要的生态安全屏障、战略资源储备基地，是 中华民族特色文化的重要保护地。开展第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究，揭示青藏高原环境变化机 理，优化生态安全屏障体系，对推动青藏高原可持续发展具有重要意义。 "十大应用成果"系统呈现科考进展及标志性成果 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（以下简称"第二次青藏科考"）于2017年8月启动。近日，第二次青 藏科考成果综合集成应用发布会在西藏拉萨召开，会上发布"十大应用成果"，并通过图文、实物及数字 化展示等方式，系统呈现第二次青藏科考的顶层设计、标志性进展、四大成果体系以及30项代表性成果 等内容。 "第二次青藏科考涵盖生态保护、灾害防控、资源能源调查、碳收支核算、交通安全保障、边疆发展等 领域。"中国科学院院士、第二次青藏科考队队长姚檀栋说。 本次发布的"十大应用成 ...

Core Insights - The second comprehensive assessment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau indicates a potential carrying capacity of approximately 26.2 million residents, allowing for an increase of about 13.07 million from the current population of 13.13 million, highlighting significant development potential [1] - The research focuses on addressing major national strategic needs and has produced over 140 decision-making reports to support sustainable development in the region [1][2] Group 1: Research Achievements - The second Qinghai-Tibet scientific expedition has established a comprehensive observation network covering 19 key areas, integrating "air-space-ground" monitoring to facilitate a closed-loop transformation from science to policy to practice [2] - The urbanization rate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is approximately 48%, with a potential increase of 9.67%, leading to a proposed urban development model based on "small gathering and large dispersal" [4] - The expedition has identified 10 differentiated green development models to support unique urbanization in the plateau [4] Group 2: Disaster Prevention and Ecological Protection - A multi-dimensional technological support system has been established, successfully issuing six warnings for ice avalanche disasters and optimizing transportation routes to avoid over 97% of mountain hazards [5] - The expedition has assessed the carbon sink capacity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, estimating an annual carbon sink of 120 to 140 million tons, significantly exceeding local carbon emissions of about 55 million tons [5] Group 3: Biodiversity and Resource Exploration - The expedition has published over 3,000 new species, including 388 plants and 205 animals, and has created the largest glacier virus and bacteria gene collection globally [6] - In resource exploration, the expedition has identified 40 solid mineral prospecting areas and 110 brine lithium prospecting areas, alleviating reliance on foreign resources [7][8] Group 4: Environmental Transformation and Future Directions - The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is undergoing a "third environmental transformation," characterized by global warming and human activities, with an increase in temperature at a rate of 0.37 degrees Celsius every decade, double the global average [9][10] - Future research will focus on green and livable development under the new environmental transformation, addressing water-carbon-health interactions and ensuring the safety of strategic mineral and biological resources [11][13]

Core Viewpoint - Chinese scientists propose the "triple polar linkage" hypothesis, suggesting that the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau significantly influenced global heat distribution and climate change processes over millions of years [1][3]. Group 1: Tibetan Plateau Uplift - The Tibetan Plateau's northern region experienced rapid uplift between 12 million and 8 million years ago, altering atmospheric circulation and carbon cycling, which played a crucial role in global climate change [1][3]. - The second Tibetan scientific expedition detailed the uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau, highlighting that the central and southern parts rose rapidly from 40 million to 30 million years ago, while the northern and northeastern regions began significant uplift only from 12 million years ago [3][4]. Group 2: Climate and Ecological Impact - The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been linked to significant ecological changes, including the evolution of modern African savanna fauna originating from the northeastern edge of the plateau around 8 million years ago, and Arctic fauna tracing back to the plateau around 6 million years ago [3][4]. - The strong uplift in the northern Tibetan Plateau has driven significant aridification in inland Asia and global cooling, leading to a transformation of ecosystems from forests to deserts and salt lakes [4]. Group 3: Global Climate Dynamics - The uplift enhances the frozen zone, erosion, and dust nutrient transport, which boosts Pacific biological activity and organic carbon burial, contributing to global cooling and polar ice cap expansion [4]. - The northern uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is synchronized with the development of the Arctic ice cap, strengthening of westerlies and winter monsoons, and significant aridification in Asia, establishing the "triple polar linkage" [4]. Group 4: Future Research Directions - Future work aims to accurately reconstruct the uplift process and validate the "triple polar linkage" hypothesis through numerical simulations, which is crucial for understanding Earth's system responses in the context of current global warming [4].