【环球网科技综合报道】12月26日消息，据Popular Science报道，天文学家借助哈勃太空望远镜，在距离地球25光年的"北落师门"（Fomalhaut）恒星系统 中，成功观测到罕见的小行星剧烈碰撞事件。这一突破性发现由加州大学伯克利分校和圣塔芭芭拉分校领衔的国际天文学团队完成，相关研究成果已发表于 顶级期刊《科学》。 这一发现还对现有天体物理学理论提出了挑战。按照旧有模型，此类大规模碰撞在北落师门系统中应每10万年发生一次，但天文学家在短短20年内就观测到 了两次。Paul Kalas表示，这表明该恒星系统内部天体活动极其活跃，高频撞击现象意味着其边缘区域正处于剧烈的动力学演化阶段，为人类研究恒星系统 的形成与演化提供了宝贵的观测样本。（纯钧） 2023年，研究团队在哈勃望远镜的观测数据中再次发现类似光斑，起初误以为是Dagon复现。美国西北大学学者Jason Wang介绍，通过与历史观测图像的精 密比对，团队确认这是一个全新光源，命名为"北落师门cs2"。研究证实，cs1和cs2均是由直径至少30公里的微行星（星子）剧烈碰撞后，喷射出的巨大尘埃 云反射恒星光线形成，因其具备反射恒星光芒的特性，极易在 ...

Core Insights - China's space exploration initiatives are set to advance significantly during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with plans to launch four scientific satellite missions aimed at uncovering the mysteries of the universe and expanding human understanding of its boundaries [2] Group 1: Satellite Missions - The "Hongmeng Plan" will deploy its first probe satellite to the far side of the moon, forming a low-frequency radio telescope array with ten satellites to capture faint signals from the universe's early chaotic period [3] - The "Kuafu-2" satellite will be the first to orbit the sun's poles, providing direct observations of solar activity and enhancing understanding of solar storms and their impact on Earth [4] - The exoplanet survey satellite aims to identify Earth-sized planets within habitable zones, potentially leading to the discovery of a "second Earth" [5][6] Group 2: Scientific Objectives - The eXTP space observatory will explore extreme environments near black holes and neutron stars, testing Einstein's theories and searching for new physical laws beyond current frameworks [7] - The overall network of satellites will cover a range of topics from cosmic origins to solar activity, extraterrestrial life, and extreme physics, with each mission having the potential to reshape our understanding of the universe [8]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Academy of Sciences' National Space Science Center announced several space exploration satellite plans during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, including a mission to search for Earth-like exoplanets, referred to as "Earth 2.0" [1] Group 1: Importance of Searching for "Earth 2.0" - The search for "Earth 2.0" is driven by human curiosity about the existence of life beyond Earth [2] - Finding "Earth 2.0" could provide a "backup home" for humanity, addressing existential threats such as resource depletion and global warming [2] - Researching Earth-like planets may help understand Earth's past and future, and answer philosophical questions about humanity's uniqueness in the universe [2] Group 2: Criteria for "Earth 2.0" - "Earth 2.0" must meet strict criteria regarding its physical properties, stellar environment, and habitability conditions [3] - The planet's radius should be between 0.8 to 1.25 times that of Earth, ensuring a solid surface and atmosphere [3] - It must orbit a sun-like star within the "habitable zone" to maintain liquid water on its surface [3] - A suitable atmosphere and a stable global magnetic field are essential for protecting life [3] Group 3: Current Discoveries in the Search for Earth-like Planets - The Kepler Space Telescope has discovered over 6,000 exoplanets, but none have been Earth-sized and within the habitable zone [4] - Significant milestones include the first confirmed exoplanets in 1992 and the discovery of the first Earth-sized rocky planet, Kepler-10b, in 2011 [4][5] - In 2017, a system with seven Earth-sized planets was confirmed, with several potentially having conditions for liquid water [5] - China's contributions include the discovery of a "super-Earth" in the habitable zone, which is ten times the mass of Earth [5]

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is set to implement a space exploration satellite program during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, which includes projects like the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kuafu II" [1][2] - The program aims to address significant frontier issues such as the origins of the universe, space weather, and life, with a focus on achieving breakthroughs in areas like the cosmic dark ages and exoplanet detection [1] Group 1 - The CAS has successfully launched eight scientific satellite missions since 2011, achieving several major original results and setting multiple records in China and globally [1] - The "Hongmeng Plan" will utilize a "1+9" satellite configuration to investigate the early dark ages and the evolution of the universe [1] - "Kuafu II" will provide direct imaging of the solar poles, marking a significant advancement from the previous "Kuafu I" mission, which monitored the sun from the ecliptic plane [1] Group 2 - The motivation for exoplanet exploration stems from human curiosity about the existence of life beyond Earth, particularly on planets similar to Earth [2] - The Kepler Space Telescope has discovered over 6,000 exoplanets, primarily "super-Earths" that are larger than Earth, but no Earth-sized rocky planets in the habitable zone have been found yet [2] - China's upcoming exoplanet survey mission aims to locate "Earth 2.0" within the next five years [2]

Group 1: Space Exploration and Technology - An international research team led by Gu Shenghong from the Yunnan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has discovered a "super-Earth" named Kepler-725c in the habitable zone of a sun-like star, which may support carbon-based life [2][4] - SpaceX is projected to generate approximately $15.5 billion in revenue for the fiscal year 2025, with expectations to surpass NASA's budget in 2026 [8][10] - Voyager Technologies has initiated its IPO with a target valuation of $1.6 billion, aiming to raise $367 million for research and strategic acquisitions [21] Group 2: Meteorological and Satellite Communication Developments - China's new P-band meteorological sounding system has significantly improved weather forecasting capabilities, with applications in 131 operational stations and 353 data relay stations nationwide [5] - Airbus is developing a satellite communication ecosystem through the HBCplus project, enhancing connectivity options for aircraft and allowing airlines to choose service providers [15][17] - South Korea has approved SpaceX and OneWeb to provide satellite internet services, with operations expected to commence as early as June [18][19] Group 3: Commercial Space Initiatives - Aerospace company Hangtian Hongtu reported a loss of 1.393 billion yuan in 2024 due to the suspension of military procurement qualifications, prompting a shift towards commercial space initiatives [6] - The establishment of the largest satellite ground station in Sichuan Province is underway, which will enhance satellite data transmission efficiency and attract related businesses [7]