由于王叔属于典型的"下肢静脉曲张"，且没有其他基础疾病，可以做微创的"日间手术"。但首次进入手术室，王叔还是十分担忧。为了 缓解他的紧张焦虑，医生团队在做好严格消毒控制的同时，允许王叔带着手机一起手术。 术后王叔便可下地行走，次日顺利出院。 本文转自【杭州日报】； "我们一边做手术，患者朋友一边在斗地主、掼蛋"，近日，广州有一名患者在接受"下肢静脉曲张"微创介入手术时，还能一边玩手机 打"斗地主"。 55岁的广州市民王叔因为走路觉得右侧小腿沉重、酸胀，尤其是天气热或者站久了，整条腿像灌了铅一样沉重。到医院检查确诊为"下肢 静脉曲张"。 广医二院血管外科主任张智辉介绍，下肢静脉曲张会造成下肢有酸胀感坠胀感，有些还有抽筋、皮肤瘙痒的情况。有些人会因为曲张的 静脉，血液流动比较差，就会长血栓。 随着时间的推移，当血液无法顺利回流逐渐堆积在小腿时，就可能发生不同程度的腿肿、酸痛，无法久站或走远等。 发展到中晚期，若未及时干预，可累及深静脉产生并发症，比如出现皮肤瘙痒、湿疹、色素沉着甚至溃烂，严重的甚至可形成深静脉血 栓，如果血栓松脱掉落到血液循环系统中，会增大致命肺栓塞风险。 一旦查出静脉曲张，可根据病情的程度采取适 ...

Core Viewpoint - The incidence of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is rising, necessitating increased awareness and preventive measures among high-risk populations [2][4]. Group 1: Incidence and Risk Factors - The global incidence of pulmonary embolism ranges from 11.7 to 131.9 per 100,000, with China's hospitalization rate increasing from 1.2 per 100,000 in 2007 to 14.2 per 100,000 in 2021, exceeding 200,000 cases [2]. - High-risk groups include the elderly, especially those over 80, who have a significantly higher risk compared to those under 50 [3]. - Other high-risk populations include pregnant women, patients undergoing surgery, those with malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney syndrome, obesity, smokers, and individuals who remain sedentary during long flights [4]. Group 2: Symptoms and Diagnosis - Symptoms of acute pulmonary embolism lack specificity, making it prone to misdiagnosis; common symptoms include activity-related shortness of breath, chest pain, and syncope [5]. - The classic triad of symptoms (chest pain, hemoptysis, and dyspnea) occurs in less than 20% of cases, highlighting the need for vigilance in recognizing atypical presentations [5]. - Diagnosis involves a two-step process: initial screening using ECG and echocardiography, followed by confirmatory imaging such as CT pulmonary angiography [6]. Group 3: Treatment and Management - Treatment strategies are tailored based on the severity of the condition, with high-risk patients requiring aggressive intervention and lower-risk patients primarily receiving anticoagulation therapy [7]. - Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of treatment, while thrombolysis is reserved for high-risk patients experiencing cardiac arrest or obstructive shock [7]. - Patients must adhere to prescribed medication regimens and undergo regular monitoring to prevent complications, including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension [8]. Group 4: Prevention and Prognosis - Prevention strategies include avoiding prolonged immobility, engaging in regular movement during long travels, and using compression stockings for high-risk individuals [8]. - The overall prognosis for pulmonary embolism patients is improving, but timely treatment and adherence to management plans are crucial to prevent severe outcomes [8].

Core Viewpoint - The articles highlight the significance of thrombosis, its formation, types, and the importance of prevention and early detection, especially in high-risk populations [1][3][9]. Group 1: Types of Thrombosis - Thrombosis is categorized into three main types: venous thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, and capillary thrombosis [1]. - Venous thrombosis includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), while arterial thrombosis encompasses acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, arterial ischemia, and stroke [1][6]. - DVT accounts for approximately 80% of venous thrombosis cases, making it the most prevalent form [6]. Group 2: Risk Factors and Formation - The formation of thrombosis is influenced by three key factors: damage to blood vessel walls, slow blood flow, and a hypercoagulable state of blood [3][4]. - High-risk groups include individuals over 60 years old, those with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and those who experience prolonged immobility [6][10]. - Specific conditions such as prolonged sitting, especially in activities like playing mahjong or long flights, significantly increase the risk of DVT [6][10]. Group 3: Symptoms and Detection - Symptoms of DVT include swelling, pain, tenderness, redness, and skin changes in the affected limb [6][8]. - Two simple methods for self-assessment of DVT risk include measuring leg circumference and checking for tenderness in the calf [8]. Group 4: Prevention and Treatment - Preventive measures include regular movement, hydration, and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables while limiting meat and fats [4][11]. - Treatment options for PE include the placement of an interception device to prevent blood clots from reaching the lungs and minimally invasive techniques to dissolve clots [11].

Group 1 - Excessive salt and sugar intake can lead to high blood pressure and arterial damage, increasing the risk of heart failure and cardiovascular diseases [1][2] - High-fat, high-cholesterol, and trans fat foods also pose significant risks to vascular health and should be minimized [2] - Sedentary lifestyles, characterized by prolonged sitting, can lead to heart strain, increased blood viscosity, and a higher risk of heart disease, with an increased risk of 47% for those sitting over 8 hours a day [3] Group 2 - Lack of physical activity can cause blood flow stagnation, leading to potential blood clots and increased risk of pulmonary embolism [3] - Chronic stress and sleep deprivation can result in elevated heart rates and blood pressure, contributing to cardiovascular issues, with studies indicating that three consecutive nights of poor sleep can age blood vessels by 10 years [4][5] - The accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides due to stress and lack of sleep can lead to arterial hardening, increasing the risk of heart disease [4][5]