（来源：沈阳日报） 转自：沈阳日报 美食佳肴是节日里不可或缺的重要部分。而在丰盛的食物背后，消化道出血、急性胰腺炎、急性胆囊 炎、急性胃炎等疾病的发病率明显增加。沈阳市第五人民医院消化内科主任医师王春梅为市民梳理了饮 食健康指南。 守好饮食节律，拒绝暴饮暴食 假期里，人们往往会放松生活节奏，原本规律的一日三餐可能简化为两餐甚至一餐，这种作息紊乱极易 诱发暴饮暴食。过量食物短时间内涌入胃肠道，会远超消化器官的负荷，未被及时消化的食物在胃肠道 内发酵产气，不仅会引发腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐等不适，更可能诱发急性胰腺炎、急性胃扩张等严重 病症。尤其对有消化性溃疡病史的人群，暴饮暴食还可能导致消化道穿孔，后果不堪设想。 消化性溃疡患者：需严格杜绝暴饮暴食、饮食不规律及过量饮酒，这些行为极易引发消化道出血或穿 孔。 肝硬化患者：饮食务必以软烂为主，坚决避免食用坚硬、粗糙的食物，防止刮破曲张的食管胃底静脉， 引发致命性出血。 饮食的核心节律，既包含用餐时间的规律，也涵盖进食量的适度。 因此，守好饮食节律，要尽量保持三餐定时定量，每餐七八分饱即可，给肠胃留出充足的消化空间。 优化膳食结构，兼顾营养均衡 膳食结构的合理性，直接 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining healthy eating habits during the Spring Festival to prevent various digestive diseases, providing guidelines on dietary structure, meal timing, and special considerations for vulnerable groups [1]. Group 1: Dietary Rhythm - Maintaining a regular meal schedule is crucial to avoid binge eating, which can lead to serious digestive issues such as acute pancreatitis and gastric dilation [2]. - It is recommended to keep meals at regular intervals and eat until 70-80% full to allow adequate digestion [2]. Group 2: Nutritional Balance - A balanced diet is essential, incorporating appropriate proportions of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water, and dietary fiber [3]. - The typical festive diet often consists of high-protein and high-fat foods, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and digestive problems; thus, it is advised to include sufficient vegetables and fruits [3]. Group 3: Special Population Considerations - Individuals with digestive system diseases, such as peptic ulcer patients, should avoid irregular eating and excessive alcohol consumption to prevent complications like gastrointestinal bleeding [4]. - Patients with liver cirrhosis should consume soft foods to avoid injury to the esophagus and stomach [4]. - All liver disease patients must completely avoid alcohol to prevent further liver cell damage [5]. - Elderly individuals and children should be supervised while eating certain foods to prevent choking hazards [5]. Group 4: Food Safety - Proper food hygiene is critical during the festive season, including avoiding overnight consumption of cold dishes and ensuring leftovers are stored correctly [6]. - It is important to separate raw and cooked foods in the refrigerator to prevent cross-contamination and to heat food thoroughly before consumption [7]. - When dining out, choosing reputable restaurants and practicing shared utensils can help reduce the risk of disease transmission [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the nutritional challenges faced by school-aged children in China, emphasizing the need for balanced diets and proper nutrition to combat issues like malnutrition and obesity [1][4]. Group 1: Nutritional Status of Children - A recent report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control indicates that 8.5% of school-aged children suffer from malnutrition, while the obesity rate is as high as 19%, meaning one in five children is overweight [1]. - The report also points out a significant deficiency in the intake of vegetables, fruits, dairy, and soy products, while the consumption of oil and salt is excessive [1]. Group 2: Dietary Recommendations - The Chinese Nutrition Society has issued five guidelines for a balanced diet for school-aged children, which include participating in food selection, eating a nutritious breakfast, consuming adequate dairy, engaging in outdoor activities, and monitoring physical development [11][12]. - It is recommended that children aged 6-13 consume 15 grams of soy products daily, while those aged 14-17 can increase their intake to 15-25 grams [10]. Group 3: Misconceptions about Soy Products - There is a common misconception among parents that soy products can lead to early sexual maturation in children; however, experts clarify that when consumed within recommended dietary guidelines, soy does not pose such risks [7][9].