临近年末，又到了盘点一年投资收益的时刻。截至12月12日，万得全A指数年内上涨24.80%；创业板指 与科创100均涨超49%，沪深300和上证指数涨幅也超过16%。 这个时候，很多投资者回顾自己全年的收益，都会感到一种相似的困惑：明明花了大量时间研究行业、 跟踪公司、分析数据，甚至为了把握机会频繁调仓，为什么最终收益还是不如那个看起来"不用动脑"的 宽基指数？ 这并非个例。"大多数主动投资者跑不赢指数"在A股已是屡被验证的现象。问题到底出在哪里？如果深 入本质，你会发现核心往往不在于信息不够或努力不足，而是认知偏差、交易行为和策略构建等多重因 素共同作用的结果。 一、认知差异：你是在"抓鱼"，还是在"顺水行船"？ 在投资中，认知决定收益。我们理解投资对象的方式，深刻影响着最终回报。投资个股和投资指数，在 认知层面有着根本的不同，这也是收益差距的深层根源。 投资个股，就像在湍急的河流中捕捉某一条特定的鱼。 你需要聚焦于一家具体的公司——理解它的商业模式、管理团队、产品竞争力、财务状况和行业地位。 然而，任何公司都处在动态竞争中，经营过程中总伴随着难以预测的"瑕疵"： 这类微观干扰突发性强、难以预判。更关键的是 ...

Core Insights - The research conducted by Professor Sui Pengfei from CUHK (Shenzhen) and Professor Wang Baolian from the University of Florida has been accepted by the Journal of Financial Economics, providing significant insights into the impact of stake effects on investor behavior [1][3] - The study challenges traditional views by demonstrating that investors exhibit more pronounced behavioral biases in high-stake real trading environments compared to low-stake simulated environments [1][11] Research Findings - The study utilized a unique natural experiment design, comparing the behaviors of investors managing both real and simulated accounts, revealing that higher stakes lead to increased behavioral biases such as disposition effect, lottery stock preference, and overconfidence [10][11] - Empirical results indicate that the performance of investors in real accounts is generally lower than in simulated accounts, contradicting the belief that higher stakes would enhance decision-making quality [1][11] Theoretical and Practical Implications - This research provides a new explanatory framework for the stake effect on investment behavior, raising important methodological questions about the applicability of laboratory findings to real-world high-stake financial scenarios [2][9] - The findings have significant implications for investor education, risk management in financial institutions, and regulatory policy formulation, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of investor psychology in high-stake environments [2][12] Behavioral Biases Identified - The study identifies four key behavioral biases that are exacerbated in high-stake environments: 1. Stronger disposition effect (selling winners too early and holding onto losers too long) [12] 2. More pronounced lottery stock preference [12] 3. Increased tendency for overconfidence [12] 4. More frequent overtrading behavior [12] Investor Characteristics - The research highlights that the impact of stake effects varies among different investor characteristics, with larger portfolio investors being less affected and those from economically developed regions showing stronger resilience to these biases [11][12]