Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the inherent risks associated with individual stocks compared to indices, emphasizing that no company is immune to operational risks and that all companies have a lifecycle. Indices, however, have the ability to adapt and evolve over time [2]. Group 1 - Historical data from the U.S. stock market indicates that the original components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average have all been replaced over time, highlighting the transient nature of individual companies [2]. - From 1926 to 2016, the overall growth of the U.S. stock market was primarily driven by the top 4% of performing stocks, suggesting that identifying these stocks can lead to substantial returns [2]. - Successful investors, such as Warren Buffett and Peter Lynch, exemplify the ability to select high-performing stocks, which is a rare skill among investors [2].

临近年末，又到了盘点一年投资收益的时刻。截至12月12日，万得全A指数年内上涨24.80%；创业板指 与科创100均涨超49%，沪深300和上证指数涨幅也超过16%。 这个时候，很多投资者回顾自己全年的收益，都会感到一种相似的困惑：明明花了大量时间研究行业、 跟踪公司、分析数据，甚至为了把握机会频繁调仓，为什么最终收益还是不如那个看起来"不用动脑"的 宽基指数？ 这并非个例。"大多数主动投资者跑不赢指数"在A股已是屡被验证的现象。问题到底出在哪里？如果深 入本质，你会发现核心往往不在于信息不够或努力不足，而是认知偏差、交易行为和策略构建等多重因 素共同作用的结果。 一、认知差异：你是在"抓鱼"，还是在"顺水行船"？ 在投资中，认知决定收益。我们理解投资对象的方式，深刻影响着最终回报。投资个股和投资指数，在 认知层面有着根本的不同，这也是收益差距的深层根源。 投资个股，就像在湍急的河流中捕捉某一条特定的鱼。 你需要聚焦于一家具体的公司——理解它的商业模式、管理团队、产品竞争力、财务状况和行业地位。 然而，任何公司都处在动态竞争中，经营过程中总伴随着难以预测的"瑕疵"： 这类微观干扰突发性强、难以预判。更关键的是 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of continuous investment in undervalued quality assets, particularly through index funds, as a more suitable approach for most ordinary investors compared to individual stock picking [3][4][10]. Group 1: Investment Strategies - Ordinary investors have two main tasks in investment: to work diligently to increase their savings and to continuously invest in undervalued quality assets [3][4]. - Quality assets include both individual stocks and index funds, with the latter being more appropriate for the majority of families due to lower time and risk requirements [5][10]. - The article discusses the classic dilemma of whether to invest in individual stocks or index funds, highlighting the author's personal journey from stock picking to primarily investing in funds [7][9]. Group 2: Risks and Considerations - Both individual stocks and index funds carry market volatility risks, but individual stocks also face operational risks due to the finite lifespan of companies [12][14]. - Historical data shows that a significant percentage of companies listed in the U.S. stock market have disappeared over time, indicating the inherent risks of individual stock investments [16][22]. Group 3: Index Fund Advantages - Index funds possess a unique ability to adapt and replace older companies with new ones, effectively achieving longevity in investment [24][25]. - The article notes that the composition of indices, such as the ChiNext Index, has changed significantly over the past decade, demonstrating the dynamic nature of index investing [27][28]. - Ordinary investors are encouraged to start with index funds, which are easier to manage and less risky compared to individual stocks [30][36]. Group 4: Recommended Indexes - Suitable index funds for ordinary investors include broad-based indices like the CSI 300 and strategy indices such as the A-share leader strategy [31][32]. - For global stock market investments, global stock indices are recommended, although there may be restrictions on purchasing overseas funds from mainland investors [33][35].

Core Viewpoint - Investing in entire sectors rather than individual companies can mitigate risks associated with specific firms, as even strong industries may have companies that face significant operational challenges [1][2]. Group 1: Investment Strategy - Investing in entire sectors allows for risk diversification, reducing the likelihood of substantial losses from individual company failures [1]. - Investors can achieve this diversification by purchasing multiple stocks or sector-specific ETFs, which spreads risk across various companies [1][2]. - The overall growth of a sector benefits most companies within it, creating a synergistic development environment [2]. Group 2: Efficiency and Accessibility - Investing in entire sectors is more efficient for average investors, as it requires less time and effort compared to analyzing each potential investment individually [2]. - Sector ETFs provide a quick and convenient way to gain exposure to an entire industry, facilitating asset diversification [2]. Group 3: Challenges and Considerations - Despite the advantages, investing in sectors presents challenges, such as the need for investors to select representative stocks or quality ETFs [3]. - Market fluctuations can impact the entire sector, necessitating a calm approach and avoiding impulsive decisions [3]. - Continuous adjustment of holdings based on industry trends is essential, as poor sector selection can still lead to significant investment risks [3].