Core Viewpoint - The U.S. government's imposition of high tariffs on Brazil has led to significant policy adjustments, with Brazil successfully diversifying its trade partners and achieving record export levels despite the tariffs [1][2][6]. Group 1: U.S. Tariff Policy and Brazil's Response - In July 2025, the U.S. announced a 40% additional tariff on certain Brazilian goods, raising the total tariff rate on some exports to 50% [2][5]. - Contrary to expectations, Brazil's exports reached a historical high of $348.7 billion in 2025, marking a 3.5% increase from 2024 [2]. - Brazil's coffee export revenue hit $15.586 billion in 2025, a 24.1% increase from 2024, despite facing challenges such as reduced export volumes and increased U.S. tariffs [4][5]. Group 2: Factors Influencing U.S. Tariff Adjustments - The U.S. faced domestic supply shortages for coffee and beef, leading to increased prices and consumer dissatisfaction, which pressured the government to reconsider its tariff strategy [6][8]. - The U.S. domestic food price inflation was around 3%, with coffee prices rising by 21% and beef prices by nearly 14% year-on-year [6][8]. - The political landscape in the U.S. showed declining approval ratings for the current administration, with only about one-third of respondents approving of the handling of economic issues [8]. Group 3: Brazil's Trade Diversification Efforts - Brazil's government implemented measures such as fiscal support and price guarantees to mitigate the impact of U.S. tariffs, while also seeking to expand into new markets [5][10]. - Exports to China increased by 28.6% from August to November 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, while exports to the U.S. decreased by 25.1% [5]. - The signing of a free trade agreement between the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) and the European Union on January 17, 2026, is expected to enhance Brazil's trade relations and economic growth [1][11][13].

进入2026年1月，从加征高额关税到豁免部分产品，美国政府针对拉美第一大经济体巴西的"关税风暴"已历时数月，其政策调整的节奏与风向仍备受关注。 1月17日，南方共同市场（包括巴西、阿根廷、乌拉圭、巴拉圭和玻利维亚）与欧盟在巴拉圭正式签署自由贸易协定，向着打造世界最大自贸区之一的目标 迈出关键一步。 分析人士表示，从去年7月美国政府宣布对巴西部分商品加征40%额外关税，到11月20日宣布对部分商品取消这一额外关税，美国在短短数月内调整政策， 与美国国内通胀问题、巴美双方通过外交手段为经贸摩擦降温等多重因素有关。而美国对巴单边关税施压，已倒逼巴西加速进一步寻求贸易对象多元化。 巴西国际关系学教授罗伯托 乌埃贝尔认为，巴西对美国掀起的关税风暴作出了务实有力的回应。面对高额关税，巴西政府迅速采取财政支持、价格保障等 措施，将部分出口产品转供国内市场消化。此外，着力在新市场开辟空间，对此，欧洲、亚洲、非洲乃至拉美地区的市场均发挥了重要作用。 巴西顶住关税冲击波 外贸逆势上扬 2025年7月，美国政府宣布对巴西加征40%额外关税，叠加特朗普4月公布的10%全球"对等关税"税率，巴西部分出口美国商品的总税率由此升至50%。 ...