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人在地铁挤成相片,为何地铁又都亏钱
36氪· 2025-06-05 00:01
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the financial struggles of subway systems in China, highlighting the need for fare increases and cost-cutting measures due to rising operational costs and insufficient passenger volume [4][12][25]. Group 1: Fare Increases and Cost Management - Cities like Kunming and Chongqing are considering fare increases to alleviate financial pressures, following the trend set by other cities since 2014 [5][9]. - In contrast, Foshan is adopting a more cautious approach by reducing operational hours and increasing intervals during off-peak times to save costs [7][15]. - The average operational cost per passenger in Chongqing is reported at 15.13 yuan, while the average fare collected is only about 2.2 yuan, indicating a significant shortfall [17]. Group 2: Financial Performance of Subway Systems - Over the past 20 years, many subway systems in China have maintained low fare levels, leading to continuous financial losses, with only 2 out of 28 cities reporting profits without government subsidies [8][9]. - The financial reports for 2024 indicate that Chongqing's operational subsidy requirement is 4.29 billion yuan, while Kunming's is 2.29 billion yuan, reflecting the heavy reliance on government support [19][21]. - The debt levels of subway companies are alarming, with Chongqing's debt at 83.4 billion yuan and Kunming's exceeding 100 billion yuan, accumulated from years of expansion [21][22]. Group 3: Passenger Volume and Efficiency - Despite the extensive subway networks, many cities struggle with low passenger utilization rates, with only 18 out of 41 cities meeting the minimum passenger intensity standard of 0.7 passengers per kilometer [38][43]. - The article emphasizes that the actual passenger volume is often lower than expected, leading to inefficiencies in resource allocation and financial performance [27][45]. - Comparatively, cities like Shenzhen have higher passenger intensity, achieving 1.49 passengers per kilometer, while others like Kunming and Foshan fall below the threshold [38][39]. Group 4: Urban Planning and Development - The article argues that the issues faced by subway systems are rooted in urban planning and the misalignment of infrastructure development with actual passenger needs [12][49]. - Many subway stations are located in areas with low population density, leading to underutilization and financial losses [53][56]. - The planning process often overestimates future passenger demand, resulting in unnecessary construction and increased debt burdens for local governments [45][46].