编者按：不要让自己陷入逻辑谬误，更不要被他人的逻辑谬误所误导。本文来自编译，希望对您有所启 发。 例如：记者向受访者提问时，受访者回避实质问题，转而对记者本人进行言语攻击。 神译局是36氪旗下编译团队，关注科技、商业、职场、生活等领域，重点介绍国外的新技 术、新观点、新风向。 论点是由理由支撑的主张，而论点必须站在逻辑上才能成立。论点中的错误或缺陷称为逻辑谬误，它会 削弱论点的逻辑有效性，导致论点失效。日常对话和网络信息中常常充斥着逻辑谬误，而且不易察觉。 掌握这些常见的逻辑谬误，能助你构建更严谨有力的论证。本文将分享20种常见的逻辑谬误及其识别方 法。 1. 人身攻击谬误 当反对方攻击论证者本人时，即构成人身攻击谬误，其本质是针对个人而非论点的攻击。 2. 诉诸权威谬误 当某人援引权威人士观点支持论点却缺乏实质证据时，即构成诉诸权威谬误。 例如：地球是方的，因为（某位权威人士）曾说过地球是方的。 此论点存在谬误，因为权威人士不一定是对的，且在一个领域拥有权威的人士，不见得在另一个领域也 是专家。 3. 诉诸情感谬误 当某人试图通过情感而非事实、理性或逻辑来赢得争论时，便构成诉诸情感谬误。 例如，山姆不愿吃山 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the common behaviors of investors in the stock market, particularly "bottom fishing" and "chasing highs" [1][2] - A real case is presented where an investor bought shares of Jiakai City at a price of 0.49 yuan after a significant drop of 96.5% from its peak of 12.99 yuan [3][4] - The investor aimed to benefit from a potential rebound after the stock was delisted, but the stock price further declined to 0.10 yuan, resulting in a substantial loss [7][8] Group 2 - The article highlights the common mistake of blindly "bottom fishing," referencing the 2008 financial crisis where many investors lost money by buying stocks they believed were undervalued [10][11] - It emphasizes the concept of "value traps," where stocks appear cheap but their fundamentals continue to deteriorate, leading to further declines [14] - The narrative suggests that trying to recover losses in the same failing investment can lead to deeper losses, illustrating the importance of recognizing when to stop investing in a losing position [15][30] Group 3 - The article introduces the concept of "recouping thinking," which is a cognitive trap that can lead investors to make poor decisions based on past losses [17][18] - It explains the gambler's fallacy, where individuals mistakenly believe that past independent events will influence future outcomes, leading to irrational investment decisions [19][20] - The article discusses the anchoring effect, where investors fixate on previous high prices as reference points, ignoring the deteriorating fundamentals that may prevent a return to those levels [24] Group 4 - The article advocates for a more rational approach to resource allocation, suggesting that investors should focus on opportunities with higher marginal returns rather than being tied to past losses [33][36] - It emphasizes the importance of recognizing opportunity costs, where continued investment in a failing asset can prevent capital from being allocated to more promising opportunities [43] - The article concludes that in a rapidly changing environment, the ability to adapt and reallocate resources is more valuable than stubbornly trying to recover losses in a failing investment [68][72]