（原标题：培养出一个心理阳光的孩子，这3件事父母尽量少做） 你的身边有抑郁症患者吗？近几年，抑郁症患者越来越多，而且，大多数都是青少年。 根据国民抑郁症蓝皮书（2022-2023年发布）显示：18岁以下的抑郁症患者占总人数的30%；50%的抑郁 症患者为在校学生。 很多陪着孩子来咨询的父母，也很不理解。他们总是问：我拼命工作，让孩子衣食无忧，为什么他的心 理会出现这么多问题？ 其实，一个心理阳光、健康的孩子，物质生活往往不是最主要的因素，关键在于TA的"内心"有没有被 爱、自信和勇气所填满，有没有心理韧性去面对生活。 而想要培养出一个心理阳光的孩子，父母一定要少做三件事。 一、不要让学习成绩 成为孩子的唯一价值感来源 很多家长都有望子成龙望女成凤的心态，所以总是以成绩要求孩子。 比如孩子考了第三名，大人不会给出表扬，反而问："那第一是谁啊？第二是谁啊？" 如果孩子考的是第一名，大人还是会追问："那全级第一是谁啊？你排第几？" 并且告诉孩子，一定要超过他们。父母将学习成绩作为评判孩子是否优秀的唯一标准。只有考得好，才 会被父母认可。其它方面做得再好，也很难得到父母的赞赏或回应。 慢慢地，孩子就会认为："父母根本 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining a calm and understanding approach in parenting, particularly when children make mistakes, advocating for emotional restraint and constructive communication instead of criticism [5][10][35]. Group 1 - The article illustrates a scenario where a family remains calm during a minor mishap on the subway, highlighting the positive impact of a peaceful demeanor on children [4][5]. - It discusses the psychological concept of "overload effect," which suggests that excessive criticism from parents can lead to poorer performance in children [8][10]. - A case study is presented where a child faced severe pressure from parental criticism after a disappointing exam result, leading to mental health issues [10][11]. Group 2 - The article contrasts two parenting styles: one that uses criticism and blame, and another that fosters understanding and acceptance, which helps children learn from their mistakes [10][13]. - It cites research indicating that families who practice "language restraint" during conflicts see their children develop better crisis management skills as adults [13]. - The importance of family meals as a time for connection rather than criticism is emphasized, with studies showing that shared meals contribute to children's emotional stability and confidence [15][17]. Group 3 - The article shares anecdotes of parents who successfully manage their emotions in challenging situations, demonstrating the value of problem-solving over emotional outbursts [22][24]. - It highlights the distinction between wise parents who maintain composure and those who let emotions dictate their responses, suggesting that the former foster resilience in their children [32][35]. - The article concludes with a reminder that a relaxed mindset can lead to a happier family dynamic, encouraging parents to view challenges as opportunities for growth [36][38].

Core Viewpoint - The rising incidence of depression among adolescents is attributed to various factors, leading to the perception that today's children are more fragile compared to previous generations [1]. Group 1: Reasons for Perceived Fragility - Increased attention on children due to smaller family sizes results in heightened scrutiny of their behavior, limiting their personal space and autonomy [2]. - Limited physical activity and outdoor playtime restrict emotional regulation, as exercise is known to release endorphins that improve mood [3]. - Emotional issues are often passed down through generations, with previous generations not addressing psychological problems, leading to a hidden transmission of these issues [4][5][7]. Group 2: Suggestions for Raising Psychologically Healthy Children - Avoid making academic performance the sole source of a child's self-worth, as excessive pressure can lead to psychological issues [9][10][11][12]. - Do not control children under the guise of love, as this can create chronic stress and emotional pain [14][16][17]. - Foster empathy by recognizing children as individuals with their own emotions and needs, allowing for open communication and emotional support [18][19].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of fostering a child's intrinsic motivation through positive reinforcement and effective communication, rather than relying on criticism and pressure [22][27][66]. Group 1 - The author reflects on the challenges of parenting a 12-year-old son who appears lazy and unmotivated, leading to frustration during homework sessions [4][10][12]. - The author realizes that constant criticism may diminish the child's self-worth and motivation, causing resistance and disengagement [22][24][26]. - A pivotal moment occurs during a parent-child activity, where the author learns that excessive nagging can hinder a child's willingness to participate and engage [15][18][20]. Group 2 - The author identifies three key strategies to improve communication and support the child's intrinsic motivation: observing instead of judging, listening and empathizing, and providing positive feedback [30][44][57]. - The first strategy involves reducing criticism and focusing on observing the child's actions to understand their perspective better [33][40][42]. - The second strategy emphasizes changing the communication style to foster a more supportive environment, shifting from demands to genuine interest in the child's feelings and experiences [45][48][50]. - The third strategy focuses on recognizing and celebrating the child's strengths and successes, which can help build their confidence and motivation [61][63][65].