□ 本报记者 安莹 王甜 凌晨两点，39岁的南京市民王薇（化名）再次从浅睡中惊醒，她刷了刷手机，还是没有睡意。白天的会 议、未完成的业绩像电影般在脑中回放。这已经是她连续第七个失眠的夜晚。"我知道该睡了，但大脑 就像一台关不掉的机器。"她苦笑着说。刚刚过去的周末，王薇来到南京一家医院的睡眠门诊寻求帮 助。 来自江苏省卫生健康委的数据显示：截至目前，全省已有163家医院开设睡眠门诊，从三甲医院到社区 卫生服务中心，一个多层次、广覆盖的睡眠诊疗体系初步形成，多学科联手护"一夜好眠"。 为什么睡不好的人这么多 每周四、周五上午，南通大学附属医院神经内科的睡眠门诊外，总是坐满了人。"一周差不多要看近百 个病人。"神经内科主任医师曹茂红教授说。从二十岁出头熬夜加班的年轻人，到半夜总醒的老年人， 各个年龄层的都有。"主要是失眠、焦虑，还有打呼噜打得特别厉害的、睡觉时手脚乱动的。" 为什么现在睡不好的人这么多？"很多人认为失眠就是晚上睡不着，其实睡眠障碍是一个复杂的医学问 题。"曹茂红指出。现代睡眠医学将睡眠障碍分为失眠障碍、睡眠相关呼吸障碍、中枢性嗜睡、昼夜节 律紊乱、异态睡眠、睡眠相关运动障碍等七大类。"有的人是心理问 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the application of psychological principles in child education, emphasizing that there are systematic methods to educate children effectively [1] - It highlights the "forbidden fruit effect," where children are more curious about things that are prohibited, suggesting that this can be used positively in parenting [2][4] - An experiment illustrates that telling children not to touch something can increase their curiosity, leading them to explore more [3] Group 2 - The importance of a sense of security in childhood is emphasized, stating that it significantly impacts a child's happiness and development throughout life [5] - Parents play a crucial role in providing this sense of security, which can influence a child's willingness to face challenges and explore new experiences [6] - The article notes that children's expressions of affection, such as seeking closeness to parents, are often rooted in their need for security [7] Group 3 - Sleep is identified as a critical factor in a child's development, with adequate sleep being essential for physical growth and cognitive development [8] - The article warns that parents may inadvertently harm their child's sleep by not addressing underlying fears, such as fear of the dark [9][10] - Recommendations for establishing healthy sleep habits include maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a conducive sleep environment [10] Group 4 - The "overload effect" is introduced, explaining that excessive criticism can lead to increased resistance and negative feelings in children [11][12] - It suggests that parents should avoid repetitive nagging, as it can trigger adverse reactions in children and diminish the effectiveness of their guidance [12]

Core Viewpoint - Sleep disorders are increasingly affecting modern individuals, and light plays a crucial role in regulating human sleep patterns [1][2]. Group 1: Importance of Light in Sleep Regulation - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2017 was awarded to scientists who studied biological clock gene expression, highlighting how living organisms, including humans, adjust their circadian rhythms to the Earth's rotation [1]. - Human biological clocks are slightly longer than 24 hours, and the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus helps correct these discrepancies, primarily through light exposure [1]. Group 2: Biological Rhythm and Health - Daylight triggers the peak of cortisol and the secretion of morning hormones, while darkness promotes melatonin production, which is essential for sleep and metabolic regulation [2]. - A well-regulated biological rhythm not only improves sleep quality but also serves as a foundation for better health [2]. Group 3: Practical Recommendations for Light Exposure - To establish a good biological rhythm, individuals should expose themselves to specific light sources, particularly morning sunlight between 6 AM and 9 AM, for 15-30 minutes [2]. - Avoiding blue light from electronic devices at night and dimming household lights after 8 PM can help maintain a healthy sleep cycle [3]. Group 4: Adjusting Sleep Patterns for Shift Workers - For night shift workers, maintaining bright lighting in the work area can enhance alertness, while wearing sunglasses when leaving work in daylight can help trick the brain into thinking it is still night [3]. - Creating a dark sleeping environment at home and taking a 90-minute nap before starting a night shift can improve work performance and subsequent sleep quality [3][4]. Group 5: Consistency in Sleep Schedule - Waking up at the same time before 9 AM daily and getting sunlight exposure shortly after sunrise can help recalibrate the biological clock [4].

Core Viewpoint - The study highlights the potential of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a dietary intervention to improve sleep health in type 2 diabetes patients [12]. Group 1: Prevalence and Impact of Sleep Disorders - Approximately 537 million adults globally had diabetes in 2021, projected to rise to 783 million by 2045 [2]. - Sleep disorders are common among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, affecting 42%-76.8% of them, indicating a need for evidence-based strategies to improve sleep quality [2]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Sleep Regulation - Sleep regulation involves homeostatic pressure, wake-dependent regulation, and circadian rhythms, controlled by the central biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [5]. - The expression of clock genes in T2D patients is reduced, correlating with insulin resistance and elevated HbA1c levels, which may exacerbate sleep-wake disorders [6]. Group 3: Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids - Dietary fat intake is closely linked to sleep and circadian rhythm balance, with a negative correlation observed between oily fish consumption and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores in the general population [6]. - Previous research confirmed that marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice [7]. Group 4: Research Study and Findings - A 14-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to assess the effects of fish oil supplements on sleep parameters and central biological clock improvement in T2D patients [8]. - The study found a significant association between regular fish oil intake and improved sleep quality among 27,549 T2D patients [9]. - Fish oil supplements were shown to enhance the expression of central clock genes, including Clock, Bmal1, and Per2, and restore rhythmic oscillation in key biological clock genes in hypothalamic neurons [9][10]. Group 5: Conclusion - The research underscores the potential of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a dietary intervention to enhance sleep health in type 2 diabetes patients [12].