作者丨陈欣 出品丨鳌头财经 近日，国家外汇管理局官网信息显示，广发银行股份有限公司（简称"广发银行"）因逃汇、违规办理资本项目资金收付等多项外汇业务 违法，被国家外汇管理局广东省分局处以警告，并罚款、没收违法所得合计1537.83万元。 这并不是广发银行年内唯一大额罚单，此前这家银行就受到国家金融监督管理总局6670万元处罚。 今年以来，广发银行从理财子公司到多家分行因业务违规被监管部门处罚，迄今累计罚款已超过1亿元，成为年内罚款过亿的4家银行之 一。 年末再收千万罚单，多家分行因外汇业务违规被罚 广发银行这张1537.83万元的罚单，最早见于国家外汇管理局官网，执法者为该局广东省分局。 罚单显示，广发银行涉及的违法事实包括：逃汇；违反规定办理资本项目资金收付；擅自提供对外担保；违反规定办理结汇、售汇业 务；办理经常项目资金收付，未对交易单证的真实性及其与外汇收支的一致性进行合理审查；违反规定办理结汇、售汇业务。 国家外汇管理局广东省分局认定：上述行为违反了《中华人民共和国外汇管理条例》《跨境担保外汇管理规定》《银行办理结售汇业务 管理办法》等相关规定。因此，该局对广发银行处以警告，并罚款、没收违法所得合计1 ...

Core Viewpoint - The revised guidelines from the State Administration for Market Regulation aim to address the issues of "difficult and expensive financing" for enterprises, particularly small and micro businesses, by prohibiting various unreasonable fees charged by commercial banks [1][3]. Summary by Sections Prohibition of Unreasonable Fees - The guidelines explicitly prohibit the fictitious charging of syndicate loan fees and other unreasonable charges, such as charging commitment fees after interest has been collected [1][2]. - A specific example highlighted is a bank that charged a commitment fee of 36 million yuan for a 400 million yuan loan, which is now deemed unreasonable under the new guidelines [2]. Systematic Regulation of Charging Practices - The guidelines address issues like "no-demand charges" and "bundled charges," stating that banks cannot charge fees for services that have no actual demand, such as issuing unnecessary guarantees or loan commitment letters [3]. - The guidelines also prohibit mandatory service fees, such as forcing clients to open online banking services or promoting unnecessary AI advisory services [3]. Strengthening Bank Accountability - The guidelines enhance the accountability of banks by requiring them to prove compliance with regulations, shifting the responsibility from merely avoiding violations to demonstrating compliance [3]. - The guidelines also mandate banks to verify the classification of small and micro enterprises to ensure the implementation of fee reduction policies [3]. Improvement of Financial Services - The guidelines establish a dual regulatory system of "law enforcement penalties + positive guidance," differentiating between light and heavy penalties based on banks' actions regarding the return of unreasonable fees [4]. - The principle of "separation of interest and fees" is emphasized, prohibiting banks from inflating intermediary business income through disguised fees [4]. - Industry experts believe that while the guidelines may lead to a short-term reduction in bank fees, they will ultimately encourage banks to enhance the quality and efficiency of financial services to attract clients and generate revenue [4].

Core Insights - Guilin Bank is facing significant challenges in its IPO process due to compliance issues and deteriorating asset quality, which have raised concerns about its governance and operational stability [2][4][7] Compliance Issues - The Guangxi Securities Regulatory Bureau issued a warning letter to Guilin Bank, highlighting two main compliance failures in its fund sales: inadequate personnel qualifications and non-compliant promotional materials [3][4] - Specific violations include fund sales personnel lacking necessary qualifications and promotional materials failing to adequately disclose risks, which contravenes regulatory requirements [3][4] - The bank's historical neglect of compliance management, particularly during its IPO preparations, has been exposed, indicating a troubling trend of prioritizing business expansion over compliance [3][4] Asset Quality Concerns - As of September 2025, Guilin Bank's total assets reached 605.62 billion, marking a 5.06% increase from the beginning of the year, but this growth is overshadowed by rising asset quality issues [5] - The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio increased from 1.74% at the end of 2023 to 1.94% by September 2025, surpassing the average NPL ratio of similar banks [5] - The bank's provision coverage ratio has decreased from 132% to 120%, indicating a weakening ability to absorb potential losses [5] Profitability Challenges - For the first three quarters of 2025, Guilin Bank reported a revenue of 9.29 billion, a year-on-year decline of 2.45%, and a net profit of 2.1 billion, down 7.58% [6] - The decline in revenue is attributed to reduced investment income and losses from fair value changes, while the drop in net profit is linked to increased operational and management costs [6] - The bank's governance structure has been called into question due to frequent changes in senior management, with 13 executives replaced in 2023 and two more in the first half of 2024, which may undermine investor confidence [6] IPO Challenges - Guilin Bank's core Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio stands at 8.4%, nearing the regulatory minimum, necessitating capital replenishment through its IPO [7] - The bank's declining asset quality and profitability may pose challenges for its IPO pricing, as these factors are critical in determining valuation and financing potential [7] - The recent compliance issues serve as a warning to other financial institutions pursuing IPOs, emphasizing the importance of robust compliance frameworks and sound asset management [7]

Core Insights - The establishment of Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) positions in banks is a significant move to enhance compliance management in the financial sector [1][2][3] - The regulatory framework mandates financial institutions to appoint CCOs at their headquarters, effective from March 1, 2025, with a one-year transition period [2][3] - The role of CCO encompasses policy formulation, risk identification, and cross-departmental collaboration to ensure compliance is integrated into all business processes [2][3] Summary by Sections Regulatory Changes - Several banks, including Huaxia Bank and Harbin Bank, have approved the appointment of CCOs, indicating a rapid advancement in compliance management systems within the industry [1] - The new compliance management regulations require banks to establish CCO roles to strengthen top-level design and coordination in compliance management [2] Role and Responsibilities of CCO - The CCO is responsible for developing compliance policies, supervising their implementation, and correcting deviations [2] - CCOs will lead risk identification and remediation efforts, ensuring compliance is embedded in business operations [2][3] Industry Impact - The introduction of CCOs is expected to standardize and regulate compliance management across the banking sector, reducing compliance gaps and systemic risks [3] - Enhanced compliance capabilities will improve customer trust and strengthen banks' brand image, thereby increasing their competitive edge [3] Selection and Training of CCOs - Future selection and training of CCOs will focus on understanding banking operations, regulatory interpretation, and cross-departmental coordination [4] - Key qualities for CCO candidates include strong professional skills in financial regulations, strategic thinking, independence, communication abilities, and a commitment to continuous learning [4]

Core Viewpoint - Postal Savings Bank of China (PSBC) is facing regulatory scrutiny due to violations related to loan management and compliance, highlighting weaknesses in its risk control mechanisms [1][2]. Regulatory Violations - PSBC's Jinhua branch was fined 1.9 million yuan for three violations: inadequate loan "three checks" (pre-loan investigation, during-loan review, post-loan inspection), misappropriation of loan funds, and providing off-contract benefits to policyholders [1][2]. - The Huzhou branch was fined 400,000 yuan for similar issues, indicating systemic compliance failures within the bank [1][2]. Impact on Risk Management - The violations point to significant lapses in the bank's core risk management processes, which could lead to potential financial risks such as credit fund misallocation and speculative activities [1]. - The regulatory actions reflect an increasing trend of dual penalties for institutions and individuals, as three responsible persons received warnings alongside the fines [2]. Recent Penalties - This marks the second instance within two months where PSBC has received a fine exceeding one million yuan, with a previous penalty of 1.87 million yuan imposed on its Hainan branch for similar infractions [2]. - In total, PSBC has faced fines amounting to 6.3277 million yuan in the current year [2]. Business Model Challenges - Amidst a backdrop of narrowing net interest margins and slowing expansion, PSBC is transitioning towards a "light capital, light asset" model, which poses challenges given its focus on county-level markets and reliance on interest rate spreads for profitability [3].

Core Viewpoint - The appointment of Chief Compliance Officers (CCOs) in listed banks is increasing, following the implementation of the Compliance Management Measures by the Financial Regulatory Bureau, which mandates the establishment of CCO positions at the headquarters of financial institutions starting from March this year [1][10]. Group 1: Appointments and Recruitment - Recently, Zijin Bank and Jiangsu Bank announced the appointment of their respective CCOs, with Jiangsu Bank appointing Yuan Jun, who is also the bank's president [3]. - Zijin Bank appointed Que Zhenghe as both the president and CCO, pending approval from financial regulatory authorities [4]. - Several banks, including Jiangxi Bank, are publicly recruiting for the CCO position, with specific requirements for candidates [5][6]. Group 2: Compliance Management Measures - The Compliance Management Measures, effective from March 2025, represent the first unified regulatory framework for compliance management across various financial sectors in China [9][10]. - The measures stipulate that financial institutions must establish CCO roles at their headquarters and may also appoint compliance officers at provincial or primary branch levels [10]. - The measures allow for the bank president or other senior management to concurrently hold the CCO position, exempting them from the qualification requirements [10]. Group 3: Historical Context and Trends - The role of CCO is not entirely new, as several banks have had CCOs since 2014, with various institutions already having their CCO qualifications approved [8][9]. - The trend indicates that many banks are promoting internal candidates or having existing executives take on the CCO role, while smaller banks are actively seeking to fill these positions with younger candidates [5][6].

Core Viewpoint - Shanghai Bank faces significant regulatory penalties and compliance challenges as it appoints a new chairman amidst ongoing scrutiny and performance issues [2][3][4] Regulatory Penalties - Shanghai Bank has been fined over 3,000 million yuan in 2025, including a major penalty of 2,921.75 million yuan from the People's Bank of China for eight violations [3][4] - The Zhejiang Financial Regulatory Bureau imposed an additional fine of 380 million yuan for various compliance failures at the Hangzhou branch [3][4] - The penalties highlight systemic issues in internal controls, anti-money laundering practices, and credit management [4] Financial Performance - Despite recent penalties, Shanghai Bank reported a 4.8% year-on-year increase in revenue for 2024, reaching 52.99 billion yuan, and a reduction in non-performing loan ratio to 1.18% [2][5] - The bank's total assets as of Q1 2025 were 3.27 trillion yuan, reflecting a 1.37% increase, but it has fallen behind competitors like Ningbo Bank [6][7] - Revenue and net profit rankings among city commercial banks have declined, with Shanghai Bank now ranking fifth in revenue and fourth in net profit as of Q1 2025 [7][8] Strategic Changes - The bank has shifted its focus from merely managing asset quality to actively addressing the generation of non-performing loans [6] - Shanghai Bank has implemented significant write-offs of non-performing loans, exceeding 10 billion yuan annually since 2022 [5][6] Leadership Transition - The appointment of Gu Jianzhong as the new chairman comes at a critical time, as he faces the challenge of restoring confidence amid compliance issues and performance declines [2][8] - Gu has emphasized the importance of talent and aims to position Shanghai Bank as a long-lasting institution [9]

Core Viewpoint - Shanghai Bank is facing significant regulatory challenges, including multiple fines totaling over 3,000 million yuan, which have raised concerns about its compliance and internal control systems [2][3][5]. Regulatory Issues - The People's Bank of China imposed a fine of 29.2175 million yuan on Shanghai Bank for eight violations, including issues related to account management and customer identity verification [3][4]. - The Zhejiang Financial Regulatory Bureau fined Shanghai Bank's Hangzhou branch 3.8 million yuan for non-compliance in performance evaluations and asset management [5]. - In total, Shanghai Bank has received fines exceeding 35.8175 million yuan in 2025 alone, with 26 responsible individuals penalized [5]. Financial Performance - Shanghai Bank's non-performing loan (NPL) ratio peaked at 1.25% in 2021 but has since improved to 1.18% by the end of 2024, marking a decline for two consecutive years [2][10][13]. - The bank's revenue for 2024 increased by 4.8% year-on-year to 52.99 billion yuan, ending a two-year decline [2][12]. - Despite recent improvements, Shanghai Bank's total assets and revenue have been surpassed by other regional banks, leading to a decline in its competitive position [11][12]. Management Changes - Gu Jianzhong has been appointed as the new chairman of Shanghai Bank, taking over amid ongoing compliance issues [2][12][16]. - The new leadership emphasizes strengthening compliance management and internal controls to ensure sustainable business development [8][16]. Stock Performance - Shanghai Bank's stock price has doubled over the past year, reaching a historical high, which reflects investor confidence despite the regulatory challenges [12][16]. - Key executives, including the new chairman, have increased their shareholdings, signaling a commitment to the bank's future [14][16].

Core Viewpoint - The case of illegal loan issuance by Shanxi Yaodu Rural Commercial Bank highlights significant compliance failures within the banking sector, emphasizing the need for improved internal controls and risk management practices [1][2][3]. Group 1: Case Summary - The original loan of 30 million yuan was issued illegally by the bank's branch manager and customer manager, leading to a two-year prison sentence with a two-year probation for both individuals [1][3]. - The court found that the defendants failed to perform due diligence, resulting in a significant risk exposure of 26 million yuan that remained overdue despite partial repayment [2][3]. - The bank attempted to mitigate the consequences by providing a letter of understanding, but the court maintained the original ruling, citing the severity of the offense [1][4][5]. Group 2: Compliance Issues - The case reveals systemic issues in the credit management practices of small and medium-sized banks, where procedural lapses and inadequate oversight contributed to the illegal loan issuance [7][8]. - Historical data indicates that regional banks often prioritize performance over compliance, leading to a culture of negligence in loan management processes [8][9]. - Regulatory actions against banks have increased, with a significant number of penalties issued for compliance failures, particularly in the area of credit management [8][9]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - Experts suggest that banks need to enhance their internal control mechanisms and risk management frameworks to prevent similar incidents in the future [9]. - There is a call for banks to balance compliance with credit growth, ensuring that risk assessment and monitoring processes are robust and effective [9]. - The adoption of financial technology is recommended to improve risk evaluation and monitoring efficiency, alongside a focus on supporting key sectors of the economy [9].