黄斑区成病变重灾区 黄斑区位于眼底中央，是我们看清细节、辨别颜色的关键部位。 陆军特色医学中心眼科 宣杰 近年来，随着电子产品的普及，长时间、近距离用眼已成常态，高度近视的患病率显著上升。高度近视 者因眼球结构已发生改变，眼底病变风险显著增高，每年一次的专业眼底检查，是一项必要的预防性筛 查，是预防视力丧失的关键防线。 来自眼球深处的真正威胁 高度近视，通常是指近视度数≥600度。正常眼球近似球体，而高度近视的眼球因前后径拉长，形状更 像一枚被拉长的鸡蛋，这种形态变化带来的首要风险是视网膜被过度拉伸而变薄。视网膜就像一件被撑 大的毛衣，组织变薄、脆弱，甚至出现萎缩孔或裂孔。这些看似微小的破损，却是视网膜脱离的潜在起 点。 通过每年的定期眼底检查，医生可筛查出视网膜变性区及裂孔等致盲隐患，并通过门诊十分钟就可完成 的激光光凝术，避免视网膜脱离的风险。然而，视网膜脱离并非高度近视唯一的隐患。眼球变形还会改 变内部结构，导致眼压逐渐升高，进而诱发开角型青光眼。这种疾病进展缓慢且症状隐匿，许多患者在 视野严重受损时才察觉异常。 高度近视者一定要建立"眼底年检"意识，每年至少进行一次完整的眼底检查。 专家点评 陆军特色 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the case of a patient, Ms. Chen, who developed cataracts at an early age due to high myopia and poor contact lens habits, highlighting the increased risk of cataracts in high myopia patients and the importance of proper eye care [1][3][4]. Group 1: Patient Case and Diagnosis - Ms. Chen experienced worsening vision and was diagnosed with cataracts and corneal opacity at Shanghai's Tenth People's Hospital, despite her belief that her vision issues were due to worsening myopia or presbyopia [1][3]. - High myopia patients have a 2-3 times higher risk of developing cataracts compared to those with normal vision, primarily due to changes in the lens shape and metabolic disturbances caused by elongated eye axes [3][4]. Group 2: Surgical Procedure and Challenges - The surgical team, led by Dr. Zou Jun, developed a two-step surgical plan for Ms. Chen, starting with the right eye, which had less corneal opacity, using femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery [4][5]. - The surgery involved precise steps to minimize operational errors, successfully implanting an artificial lens, and significantly improving Ms. Chen's vision in the right eye [5]. Group 3: Recommendations and Precautions - Dr. Zou emphasized the need for annual eye examinations for high myopia patients to detect potential issues like cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal diseases early [5]. - Proper care for contact lenses, including regular cleaning and avoiding prolonged wear, is crucial to prevent complications such as corneal damage and inflammation that can trigger cataracts [4][5].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing incidence of retinal detachment among young individuals, particularly those with high myopia, emphasizing the importance of regular eye examinations to prevent severe vision loss [1][7]. Group 1: Retinal Detachment in Young Patients - Young patients often exhibit no obvious symptoms in the early stages of retinal detachment, leading to delayed intervention and potentially severe outcomes [1][7]. - A case study of a 25-year-old male with 700 degrees of myopia illustrates how neglecting eye health can result in irreversible vision damage, requiring complex surgical procedures [4][6]. - The article stresses that early detection through routine eye exams can allow for simple laser treatments to prevent the progression to retinal detachment [7][8]. Group 2: Risk Factors and Prevention - High myopia, defined as exceeding 600 degrees, is identified as a significant risk factor for retinal detachment, with the condition being likened to a balloon that stretches and thins the retina [6][7]. - The article provides recommendations for eye care, particularly for high myopia patients, including annual dilated eye exams and immediate consultation if symptoms like sudden vision changes occur [9][10]. - The importance of comprehensive eye examinations is emphasized, as standard vision tests may not detect underlying retinal issues [9].

Group 1 - The article defines myopia levels: low myopia is classified as 50 to 300 degrees, with 50 to 100 degrees being the lower range of low myopia [1] - For individuals with a naked eye vision of 0.8 or above, it is suggested to avoid glasses temporarily if daily activities, such as viewing a blackboard, are not affected, but vision should be rechecked every three months [1] - Moderate myopia ranges from 300 to 600 degrees, while high myopia is classified as over 600 degrees [1] Group 2 - Doctors recommend that individuals with moderate to high myopia wear frame glasses throughout the day to prevent eye strain caused by blurred vision, which can lead to excessive eye axis elongation and increased myopia [1]

Group 1 - The "2025 National Vision Health Popularization Action" was officially launched in Beijing, focusing on building an eye health ecosystem through multi-party collaboration [1] - Dr. Luo Yan from Peking Union Medical College Hospital emphasized the importance of comprehensive pre-operative assessments and scientific post-operative care for adult myopia correction surgeries [1][3] - The two main types of adult myopia correction surgeries are corneal laser surgery and intraocular lens surgery, with the latter offering a wider correction range and higher safety [3] Group 2 - For patients with high myopia, post-operative eye care is crucial to prevent further deterioration and retinal diseases, with recommendations for regular eye examinations every 3-5 years [3] - Patients with dry eye syndrome should select surgical methods based on the severity of their condition, with mild cases being less impactful on surgery outcomes [3] - Dr. Luo highlighted that patients with moderate to severe dry eye may benefit more from intraocular lens implantation, which has less impact on the cornea and faster vision recovery [3]