撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 类器官 （ Organoid ） 是从干细胞衍生出的三维 （3D） 结构，能够重现相应组织的关键结构和功能特 征。与传统的二维 （2D） 细胞系相比，人类类器官能提供更贴近人体生理的实验模型。它们能够捕捉人 体组织的复杂性和异质性，从而有助于研究疾病机制、药物疗效和毒性。当由患者来源的生成时，类器官 还能用于评估个体对治疗药物的响应。 近日，"类器官之父" Hans Clevers 教授、 王代松 博士等在 Nature 旗下综述期刊 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 上发表了题为 ： Human organoids as 3D in vitro platforms for drug discovery: opportunities and challenges 的研究论文。 在这篇综述中，作者们探讨了 类器官在药物发现中的应用 ，概述了当前的生成和维持类器官的方法，考察 了它们在疾病建模、药物筛选和安全性评估方面的应用，并考虑了监管方面以及在药物发现中更广泛采用 所面临的挑战。 在药物研发领域，体外模型发挥着关键作用，为研究细胞对药物的反应提 ...

Core Viewpoint - The CRISPR-TO technology enables precise spatial regulation of endogenous RNA, providing a new tool for studying RNA functions and related diseases [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Overview - CRISPR-TO utilizes the Class II Type VI CRISPR-Cas13 system for spatial transcriptome regulation, allowing for targeted RNA manipulation without altering genetic sequences [3][4]. - The technology combines dCas13 with signaling peptides or motor proteins through a heterodimerization mechanism, facilitating both passive diffusion and active transport of RNA [3][4]. Group 2: Applications and Findings - CRISPR-TO successfully targets endogenous RNA to various subcellular compartments, including mitochondria, P-bodies, stress granules, telomeres, and nuclear stress bodies, enabling real-time observation of RNA dynamics in live cells [4][5]. - Targeting mRNA to P-bodies significantly reduced its degradation rate and extended its half-life, supporting the theory that P-bodies primarily serve as mRNA storage sites rather than degradation sites [4]. Group 3: Research Breakthroughs - The technology demonstrated the capability for long-distance transport of endogenous mRNA (approximately 1 mm) in primary mouse cortical neurons, allowing for the study of mRNA's cooperative effects [5][8]. - High-throughput screening using CRISPR-TO revealed that targeting Stmn2 mRNA to neurites promotes rapid neurite growth, linking it to microtubule dynamics and potential implications for ALS [8][9]. Group 4: Future Implications - CRISPR-TO bridges gaps left by existing sequencing and imaging technologies, offering a high-throughput platform for systematic studies of spatial transcriptome functions across various biological systems and disease contexts [9].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advantages and market potential of serum-free cell freezing media, highlighting its growing importance in cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and biopharmaceuticals, while also addressing the challenges faced in its market adoption [1][2][3]. Group 1: Advantages of Serum-Free Cell Freezing Media - Serum-free cell freezing media offers clear composition, better batch stability, reduced immunogenicity, and lower contamination risks compared to traditional serum-containing freezing solutions [1]. - The media typically contains appropriate cryoprotectants (like DMSO), carbon sources, buffering agents, and cell-protective factors, effectively maintaining cell viability during freezing and thawing processes [1]. - The rapid market growth is driven by the increasing demand for high-value cell products such as stem cells, immune cells, and CAR-T therapies, which require high-quality freezing media [1][3]. Group 2: Market Challenges - The development of serum-free formulations has a high technical barrier, requiring extensive experimentation to optimize cell survival and functionality, leading to long development cycles and high costs [2]. - There is a lack of universal products due to the varying dependence of different cell types on freezing environments, which limits large-scale adoption [2]. - Cost sensitivity among users leads some to still prefer traditional serum-containing freezing solutions, and the absence of standardized product evaluation criteria creates information asymmetry for users [2]. Group 3: Future Market Trends - The serum-free cell freezing media market is expected to evolve towards customization, high performance, and compliance, with advancements in AI and high-throughput screening enabling more precise formulation development [3]. - Increasing regulatory scrutiny on cell-based therapies is pushing companies to expedite the registration and certification processes for serum-free products [3]. - The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China, is projected to be one of the fastest-growing markets due to supportive policies, biopharmaceutical investments, and technological advancements [3]. - According to QYResearch, the global serum-free cell freezing media market is expected to reach USD 410 million by 2031, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.3% in the coming years [3]. Group 4: Market Share and Key Players - Major manufacturers in the global serum-free cell freezing media market include Thermo Fisher, Merck, Zenoaq, Cytiva, and STEMCELL, with the top five companies holding approximately 70% of the market share as of 2024 [8]. - DMSO-containing products dominate the market, accounting for about 84.6% of the total share [10]. - Biopharmaceutical companies represent the largest downstream market, capturing around 53.9% of the demand for serum-free cell freezing media [12].