Exhibit 1: 30-city daily property transaction volume in the primary market fell over the last two weeks and remained below last year's level Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. For Reg AC certification and other important disclosures, see the Disclosure Appendix, or go to www.gs.com/research/hedge.html. c45a43530f604d12bcb9a82b5aa6b9f6 12 December 2025 | 8:55PM HKT Economics Research China Economic Activity and Policy Tracker: December 12 In thi ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The report focuses on the **China Economic Activity** and various high-frequency indicators related to consumption, production, investment, and macroeconomic activity [1][2][11]. Key Insights and Arguments 1. Consumption and Mobility - **Primary Market Transactions**: The daily property transaction volume in the primary market across 30 cities has increased over the last two weeks but remains below last year's levels [2][6]. - **Secondary Market Transactions**: The daily property transaction volume in the secondary market for 16 cities continues to be below last year's levels [6][7]. - **Traffic Congestion**: Traffic congestion levels are reported to be lower than last year's figures, indicating reduced mobility [7][9]. 2. Production and Investment - **Steel Demand**: Steel demand has remained stable and is largely in line with last year's levels, suggesting consistent industrial activity [13][14]. - **Steel Production**: Steel production has increased over the last two weeks but is slightly below last year's levels, indicating a potential slowdown in growth [15][17]. - **Local Government Bonds**: A total of **RMB 4.4 trillion** in local government special bonds have been issued out of a full-year quota of **RMB 4.6 trillion** for 2025, representing **94.3%** of the annual quota [19][21]. - **Coal Consumption**: Daily coal consumption in coastal provinces is reported to be in line with last year's levels, reflecting stable energy demand [23]. 3. Other Macro Activity - **Port Activity**: Official port container throughput has increased over the last two weeks and remains above year-ago levels, indicating robust trade activity [33][35]. - **Export Trends**: Chinese export volume of rare earth magnets to the US increased in October, while exports to Europe declined, highlighting shifting trade dynamics [37][39]. - **Freight Volume**: Freight volume of departing ships at 20 major ports has edged down and is below last year's levels, suggesting potential challenges in logistics [40]. 4. Markets and Policy - **Interbank Repo Rates**: Interbank repo rates have remained largely stable over the last two weeks, indicating a steady liquidity environment [43][44]. - **Oil Demand**: The nowcast indicates that China's oil demand has declined to **17.9 million barrels per day (mb/d)** in the latest reading, reflecting a decrease in energy consumption [45][46]. - **Currency Trends**: The Chinese Yuan (CNY) has appreciated against both the CFETS basket and the USD in recent weeks, indicating strengthening currency dynamics [49][50]. 5. Policy Announcements - A series of macro policy announcements have been made since mid-August, focusing on promoting consumption, investment, and growth, including: - Measures to promote consumption and expand the supply of consumer goods [50]. - Initiatives to support private investment and strategic projects [50]. - Suspension of retaliatory tariffs on US agricultural products [50]. Additional Important Information - The report highlights a shift in data sources for traffic congestion from Gaode map to Baidu map, which may affect future comparisons [9]. - The increased share of local government bond proceeds spent in "Others" may include repayments for corporate arrears and delayed salaries to civil servants, indicating potential fiscal pressures [25][26]. This summary encapsulates the critical insights and data points from the conference call, providing a comprehensive overview of the current economic landscape in China.

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The report focuses on the **Chinese economy**, specifically tracking high-frequency indicators related to consumption, mobility, production, investment, macro activity, and market policies [1][2][4]. Core Insights and Arguments Consumption and Mobility - **Property Transactions**: The daily property transaction volume in the primary market across 30 cities is below last year's levels [2][11]. - **Traffic Congestion**: Traffic congestion levels are largely in line with last year's levels, indicating stable mobility patterns [12]. - **Housing Prices**: There has been a sequential decline in housing prices across cities tracked by Centaline and Zhuge in September [14]. - **Rental Yield**: Rental yields in large cities have gradually improved, while the yield on 30-year Chinese government bonds has also increased [18]. Production and Investment - **Steel Demand**: Steel demand has increased but remains below the levels of the previous year [24]. - **Steel Production**: Steel production has decreased over the last two weeks and is also below last year's levels [25]. - **Local Government Bonds**: RMB 3.7 trillion of local government special bonds have been issued out of a total quota of RMB 4.4 trillion for 2025, representing 84% of the annual quota [30]. - **Coal Consumption**: Daily coal consumption in coastal provinces is above last year's levels, indicating a potential increase in energy demand [33]. Other Macro Activity - **Port Activity**: Official port container throughput has remained stable over the past two weeks and is above the year-ago level [41]. - **Freight Volume**: The freight volume of departing ships at 20 major ports has increased but remains below last year's levels [43]. Markets and Policy - **Export Volume**: Chinese export volume of rare earth magnets to Europe increased in August [48]. - **Government Bond Holdings**: The People's Bank of China's (PBOC) holding of government bonds continued to moderate in September [49]. - **Interbank Repo Rates**: Interbank repo rates have edged lower, indicating a potential easing in liquidity conditions [50]. - **CNY Exchange Rate**: The Chinese Yuan (CNY) has appreciated against the CFETS basket while depreciating slightly against the USD recently [53]. Important but Overlooked Content - **Policy Announcements**: A series of macro policy announcements have been made since July, including measures to stabilize foreign trade, broaden rare earth controls, and support consumer goods trade-in programs [56]. - **Investment Focus**: The increased share of local government bond proceeds spent in "Others" may include repayments for corporate arrears and delayed salaries to civil servants, indicating a shift in investment priorities [36]. This summary encapsulates the key points from the conference call, providing insights into the current state of the Chinese economy and its various sectors.

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report tracks four sets of high-frequency indicators: consumption and mobility, production and investment, other macro activity, and markets and policy [1] - Consumption and mobility indicators show that property transaction volumes in both primary and secondary markets are below last year's levels [2][12] - Traffic congestion is slightly below last year's levels, indicating a potential decline in mobility [8] - Total auto sales volume in June was above last year's level, suggesting a positive trend in the automotive sector [18] - New energy vehicles (NEVs) sales volume in June exceeded the 2024 level, indicating strong growth in this segment [20] - Production and investment metrics reveal that steel demand remains flat but below year-ago levels, with production also declining [23][24] - Local government special bond issuance reached RMB 2.2 trillion out of a RMB 4.4 trillion quota for 2025, indicating significant infrastructure investment [29] - Other macro activity shows that official port container throughput decreased but remained above year-ago levels, while freight volume at major ports decreased [39][43] - Interbank repo rates have edged down recently, and property high-yield credit spreads have narrowed, reflecting changes in market conditions [47][49] - The Chinese Yuan (CNY) appreciated against the USD but weakened against the CFETS basket, indicating mixed currency trends [51] - Recent macro policy announcements focus on stabilizing employment, promoting urbanization, and enhancing social security [53] Consumption and Mobility - Daily property transaction volume in the primary market was below last year's level [2] - Daily property transaction volume in the secondary market was also below last year's level [12] - Traffic congestion was slightly below last year's level [8] - Total auto sales volume in June was above last year's level [18] - New energy vehicles (NEVs) sales volume in June was above the 2024 level [20] Production and Investment - Steel demand was roughly flat but remained below year-ago levels [23] - Steel production edged down and remained below last year's level [24] - RMB 2.2 trillion local government special bonds have been issued out of the RMB 4.4 trillion quota in 2025 [29] - Daily coal consumption in coastal provinces was slightly below last year's level [30] Other Macro Activity - Official port container throughput decreased over the past two weeks but remained above year-ago levels [39] - Freight volume of departing ships at 20 major ports decreased and was below last year's level [43] - Nowcast indicates China oil demand edged up to 16.9 mb/d in the latest reading [44] Markets and Policy - Interbank repo rates edged down recently [47] - Property high-yield credit spreads narrowed in recent weeks [49] - CNY appreciated against the USD but continued to weaken against the CFETS basket [51] - Major macro policy announcements since March focus on stabilizing employment and promoting high-quality development [53]