9月11日，由中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所牵头承担，国家"十三五"重大科技基 础设施聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施项目（CRAFT）取得重大进展，其关键子系统——离子回旋 加热系统（ICRF）顺利通过专家组验收，标志着我国在高功率射频加热技术领域取得新突破。 离子温度是聚变堆"点火"的关键参数。在氘氚聚变反应中，离子温度需达到上亿摄氏度并自持燃烧， ICRF可直接加热等离子体中的离子，有效提升反应概率。研究人员表示，该系统的成功验收，标志着 团队成功突破相关技术壁垒，解决了离子回旋加热系统核心技术瓶颈，实现了全链路国产化与自主可 控，具有重要工程应用价值。未来，相关技术还可拓展应用于运载推进、半导体、医疗健康、电子科技 等领域。 （文章来源：证券时报） ...

Core Insights - On September 10, 2025, the journal Nature published 23 papers, with 9 authored by Chinese scholars, highlighting the significant contribution of Chinese researchers to international scientific discourse [3]. Group 1: Research Contributions - Tsinghua University’s Professor Zhang Qiang published a paper on the health impacts of PM2.5 pollution from the 2023 Canadian wildfires, emphasizing the long-range effects of environmental disasters on public health [3]. - A collaborative study from Tsinghua University and other institutions focused on human gastroids to model early stomach development, showcasing advancements in biomedical engineering [5]. - Research from Southern University of Science and Technology explored the stabilizing effects of amino acids on proteins and colloidal dispersions, contributing to the understanding of biochemical interactions [6]. - A study from Zhejiang University investigated the loss-of-function mutations in the PLD4 gene and its link to systemic lupus erythematosus, providing insights into genetic factors in autoimmune diseases [8]. - A paper from the Chinese Academy of Sciences discussed amplifying cellular responses using proximity labeling, which could have implications for immunology and therapeutic strategies [10]. - MIT's research on ABCA7 variants highlighted their impact on phosphatidylcholine and mitochondria in neurons, relevant for neurodegenerative disease studies [12]. - Tsinghua University’s Yanhong Gu contributed to research on observing differential spin currents, which may advance the field of quantum physics [14]. - A study from Westlake University and Fudan University examined the heterogeneous nature of LiF in solid-electrolyte interphases, relevant for battery technology [16]. - Stanford University’s research on the structure and mechanism of the mitochondrial calcium transporter NCLX adds to the understanding of cellular calcium homeostasis [17].

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the 60th anniversary of the first artificial synthesis of bovine insulin in China, highlighting the enduring spirit of scientific innovation and the importance of passing this legacy to future generations of researchers [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Significance - The artificial synthesis of bovine insulin is regarded as a milestone in the journey to uncover the essence of life, marking a significant leap in the history of life sciences [1]. - The project began in December 1958, three years after the first determination of the primary structure of insulin, and faced immense challenges in a scientific "no man's land" [1]. Group 2: Scientific Spirit - The perseverance and dedication of the pioneering scientists, who worked under extremely challenging conditions, exemplified the spirit of innovation, rigor, and collaboration [2]. - The successful synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin in September 1965 represented the first instance of artificially creating a protein with the same chemical structure and biological activity as its natural counterpart [2]. Group 3: Call to Action - Current scientists are encouraged to learn from the insulin synthesis team, striving to reach new scientific heights and embrace their responsibilities in advancing national strategic technological capabilities [3]. - The emphasis is placed on integrating personal pursuits with national development goals, aiming for more original breakthroughs in technology [2][3].

Core Points - The first "National Science Popularization Month" was launched in September, with over 3000 science popularization activities planned across Guangdong Province [1][4] - The event aims to enhance public scientific literacy and support technological innovation, with a focus on promoting the spirit of science [2][4] - The activities include interactive experiences and exhibitions on various scientific topics, engaging the public in a fun and educational manner [5] Group 1 - The launch ceremony took place on September 4 at the Guangzhou Zhengjia Plaza, with activities running until September 7 [1] - The event is organized by the Guangdong Provincial Association for Science and Technology, the Provincial Department of Science and Technology, and the Provincial Propaganda Department [2][4] - The "New Quality Productive Forces Science Popularization Initiative" was announced, encouraging societal participation in science education [2][3] Group 2 - The main event features various thematic zones such as "Low Carbon New World," "Health New World," and "Smart New World," focusing on public interests like AI, health, and food safety [5] - The activities are designed to be immersive and interactive, allowing participants to engage with scientific concepts in a hands-on manner [4][5] - Notable scientists and experts presented reports to make complex scientific knowledge accessible to the public [3]

Core Viewpoint - The forum held in Wuhan focused on the dialogue of river civilizations and regional cooperation development, aiming to foster consensus for sustainable development and mutual learning among the river basins [1][3]. Group 1: Forum Overview - The "Lancang-Mekong and Yangtze Civilization Forum" was successfully held on August 31, co-hosted by the Wuhan International Cultural Exchange Center and Wuhan University, attracting experts and scholars from China and Southeast Asia [1]. - The forum included keynote speeches and five sub-forums covering topics such as boundary oceans, Yangtze civilization, geographical space, carbon neutrality, and non-traditional security [2]. Group 2: Key Discussions and Collaborations - Discussions emphasized the internal connections between the two river civilizations and led to multiple cooperation agreements, including the establishment of partnerships with 28 universities from the five Lancang-Mekong countries [1][2]. - The forum also highlighted the successful hosting of the Lancang-Mekong River Basin Governance and Development Youth Innovation Design Competition, which will be taken over by Wuhan University for its tenth edition in 2026 [2]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The forum is a practical implementation of the Global Civilization Initiative, aligning with the spirit of the China-ASEAN Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Action Plan to promote peace, security, prosperity, and friendship [3]. - The Wuhan International Cultural Exchange Center played a crucial role in coordinating the event, aiming to deepen regional cooperation and facilitate dialogue between the civilizations of the Yangtze and Lancang-Mekong rivers [3].

Group 1 - The core initiative is the "Koyan Return Plan" in Shanghai, aimed at providing comprehensive support for female scientific talents who temporarily leave their research positions due to childbirth, facilitating their return to the research field [1][4] - The plan will evaluate applicants based on their research capabilities and professional qualities, selecting outstanding female scientific talents with development potential for support, including personal childbirth subsidies and research funding [1][4] - The initiative is part of a broader effort to enhance the concentration of high-level female scientific talents in Shanghai, which is significant for building an international innovation center and a global talent hub [1][3] Group 2 - As of 2023, there are approximately 40 million female scientific workers in China, accounting for 45.8% of the workforce, but the proportion of women in senior positions or leading roles is notably low [3] - The representation of female leaders decreases with the level of national natural science fund projects: about 40% in the Youth Science Fund, 20% in the Excellent Youth Science Fund, and only around 10% in the Distinguished Youth Science Fund [3] - Previous policy support includes measures from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the All-China Women's Federation to enhance the role of female scientific talents in innovation, with specific initiatives launched in Shanghai to support women during pregnancy and breastfeeding [3]

Core Insights - The Huairou Science City has significantly accelerated its development since the initiation of the "Two Zones" construction, with 29 scientific facilities now in research status and a total of 26,000 researchers contributing to 386 major scientific achievements [1][2] Group 1: Infrastructure and Facilities - A total of 37 scientific facility platforms have been established, with 29 now operational in research, including 16 facilities that are open for global sharing, providing over 1.51 million hours of service to more than 1,000 domestic and international enterprises, universities, and research institutions [1] - Eight new projects have been accelerated during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, while 25 reserve projects have been initiated for the 15th Five-Year Plan [1] Group 2: Talent Attraction and Research Output - The Science City has attracted 33 Nobel laureates for academic exchanges, along with 39 highly cited scientists, 86 academicians, 316 national young scientific talents, and 712 foreign talents, bringing the total number of researchers to 26,000 [2] - Key technological breakthroughs have reached 59, with 386 major scientific achievements and 465 high-level academic papers published, leading to 13 national science and technology awards and 26 Beijing science and technology awards [2] Group 3: Supportive Infrastructure and Community Development - To attract international talent and institutions, the Science City has improved transportation, housing, and public services, including increasing train services on key rail lines and initiating construction on the third phase of the Jingmi Expressway [2] - The construction of high-quality communities such as Yanqi Town and Yanqi International Community has resulted in nearly 30,000 housing units, alongside significant enhancements in education and healthcare services [2] Group 4: Innovation Platforms and Technology Transfer - The Science City has established 46 innovation platforms focused on common technologies and concept validation, and has introduced over 120 technology service institutions, including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei National Technology Innovation Center [2] - More than 1,000 technology managers have been trained, and 187 projects have been successfully converted, with a notable flexible coal-fired power generation project recognized as one of Beijing's top ten excellent cases for patent conversion [2]

Core Insights - Zhejiang University published three papers in the prestigious journal Nature on August 27, 2025, highlighting significant advancements in microbial sulfur cycling, electrically driven perovskite lasers, and topological edge states in superconducting chips [3][4][6][8][10]. Group 1: Microbial Sulfur Cycling - The research led by Chen Songcan revealed a previously unrecognized metabolic process where sulfide oxidation is coupled with the reduction of trivalent iron oxides, traditionally thought to be dominated by abiotic processes [6]. - A comprehensive analysis of prokaryotic sulfur metabolism genomes identified bacterial groups capable of utilizing extracellular solid trivalent iron as an electron acceptor for sulfide oxidation [6]. - The study demonstrated that the model strain Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus can grow autotrophically using ferrihydrite as an electron acceptor, with reaction rates significantly faster than abiotic processes under relevant environmental sulfide concentrations [6]. Group 2: Electrically Driven Perovskite Lasers - The team led by David Di and Zhao Baodan developed the world's first electrically driven perovskite laser, integrating low-threshold single-crystal perovskite microcavity units with high-power microcavity perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) units [8][9]. - The dual-cavity perovskite device achieved a minimum lasing threshold of 92 A·cm⁻², significantly lower than the best-performing organic lasers, with an average threshold of 129 A·cm⁻² under specific testing conditions [9]. - The device demonstrated a working half-life (T₅₀) of 1.8 hours and a coupling efficiency of approximately 82.7%, indicating its potential for rapid modulation in data communication and computing applications [9]. Group 3: Topological Edge States in Superconducting Chips - The research by Wang Haohua and colleagues reported the observation of a new type of topological edge mode in a programmable superconducting qubit array, characterized by stability due to emergent symmetry protection [10][12]. - The study found robust long-lived topological edge modes lasting up to 30 cycles, achieved through the "dimerization" of stabilizer interaction, which effectively suppresses interactions between edge modes and bulk excitations [12]. - The research established a feasible digital simulation path for studying topological phases at finite temperatures and provided potential schemes for constructing long-lived, robust boundary qubits in defect-free systems [12].

Core Points - The article discusses the formal awarding of "National Key Laboratories" status to 15 research institutions in Hong Kong by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, highlighting the recognition of Hong Kong's research capabilities [2][3] - The event is seen as a significant step towards establishing Hong Kong as an international innovation and technology center, with the Chief Executive of Hong Kong emphasizing the importance of this recognition for local research and innovation [3] Summary by Sections Award Ceremony - On August 25, 2024, the Ministry of Science and Technology held a ceremony in Hong Kong to award 15 research institutions the status of "National Key Laboratories" [3] - This recognition is part of a broader strategy outlined in the national "14th Five-Year Plan" to enhance Hong Kong's innovation and technology capabilities [3] Characteristics of Awarded Laboratories - The awarded laboratories focus on four strategic fields: biomedicine, advanced materials, electronic information, and agricultural technology [4] - All laboratories are affiliated with top global universities, creating a collaborative innovation model between elite institutions and national platforms [4] - Each laboratory receives an annual funding of 20 million HKD for directed research from the Hong Kong government [4] Evaluation Criteria - The laboratories were assessed based on four dimensions: originality in basic research, capability in tackling key core technologies, responsiveness to national strategic needs, and ability to track international scientific frontiers [4] Future Directions - The Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission has established a "three-dimensional docking" mechanism to integrate with national science and technology plans, share research facilities within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and promote a dual-employment system for researchers [5] - The national expectations for Hong Kong's research institutions include overcoming original innovation bottlenecks, creating a "from 0 to 1" research paradigm, and establishing a comprehensive service system for intellectual property transformation [5] List of Awarded Laboratories - A detailed list of the 15 awarded laboratories is provided, including their affiliations, research directions, and leading professors [6]

Core Viewpoint - The 2024 Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Awards ceremony recognized significant contributions in the field of science and technology, highlighting a reduction in the number of awards but an increase in their quality, reflecting a more competitive environment in the province's scientific community [6][7]. Award Overview - The ceremony awarded a total of 244 projects, a decrease from previous years (247 in 2023, 264 in 2022, and 261 in 2021) [7]. - The awards included 25 Natural Science Awards, 11 Technological Invention Awards, and 208 Science and Technology Progress Awards, with a notable increase in the number of top-tier awards compared to previous years [8]. Notable Achievements - The only special award was given to a project on "Optimal Dynamic Performance Design Principles for High-Speed Rail Lines," which has been applied to over 50 high-speed rail projects, significantly enhancing safety and operational stability [8][9]. - The awards showcased a rise in the proportion of Natural Science and Technological Invention Awards, indicating a shift towards more foundational scientific research [8]. Innovation and Breakthroughs - The awarded projects demonstrated a continuous improvement in innovative capabilities, with many achieving original breakthroughs in various fields, such as new materials and energy conversion technologies [9][10]. - Projects like the development of organic optoelectronic materials and supercritical carbon dioxide energy conversion technology exemplify the province's focus on cutting-edge research and its application to industry needs [9][10]. Collaboration and Industry Impact - A significant number of awarded projects (85.7%) were completed through collaboration between academic institutions and enterprises, emphasizing the importance of industry participation in scientific innovation [13]. - The recognition of projects that directly benefit economic and social development, such as advancements in healthcare and agriculture, highlights the practical applications of scientific research in improving people's lives [12][13]. Conclusion - The 2024 Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Awards reflect a strategic focus on enhancing the quality of scientific research and its alignment with regional development needs, fostering a collaborative environment between academia and industry [6][12].