Core Points - The Chinese manned space program will conduct four missions in 2026, including Tianzhou-10, Shenzhou-22, Shenzhou-23, and Mengzhou-1 [1][2] Group 1: Tianzhou-10 Mission - Launch Site: Wenchang Space Launch Site [1] - Docking Method: Tianzhou-10 cargo spacecraft will dock at the rear port of the core module [1] - Main Tasks: The mission will transport supplies for astronauts, maintenance parts, propellants, and various payloads, while also disposing of waste in orbit [1] Group 2: Shenzhou-22 and Shenzhou-23 Missions - Launch Site: Jiuquan Space Launch Site [1] - Crew Composition: Each mission will consist of a crew of three astronauts [1] - Docking Method: Shenzhou-22 will dock at the radial port, while Shenzhou-23 will dock at the forward port of the core module [1] - Main Tasks: Shenzhou-22 will conduct a long-term stay experiment for over one year, perform extravehicular activities, and continue space science experiments and technical trials [1] Group 3: Mengzhou-1 Mission - Launch Site: Wenchang Space Launch Site [2] - Docking Method: Mengzhou-1 will dock at the radial port of the core module in an unmanned state [2] - Main Tasks: This mission will utilize the Long March 10A rocket for the first flight of the Mengzhou spacecraft, validating the full system's operational status and conducting various technology verifications [2]

Core Points - China is set to launch its new generation crewed spacecraft "Dream Boat" in 2026, with the first flight taking place at the Wenchang Space Launch Site using the Long March 10A rocket [1] - The 2026 mission will include four flight tasks: Tianzhou-10, Shenzhou-22, Shenzhou-23, and Dream Boat-1, focusing on various space operations [1] - The Dream Boat spacecraft is an upgraded version of the Shenzhou spacecraft, featuring a modular design consisting of a return capsule and a service module for transportation to and from the space station [1] Mission Details - The Tianzhou-10 cargo spacecraft will be responsible for transporting supplies for astronauts, including extravehicular suits, maintenance parts, propellants, and various payloads for application tasks, while also managing the disposal of waste in orbit [2] - The Shenzhou-22 and Shenzhou-23 missions will involve extravehicular activities by astronauts, cargo airlock operations, and continued space science experiments and technology tests [1] - Notably, one astronaut from the Shenzhou-22 crew will participate in a long-term stay experiment lasting over one year [1]

Core Points - The Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft successfully launched on October 31, marking the 6th manned flight in China's space station application and development phase and the 37th launch since the program's inception [4] - The mission involved a successful docking with the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station, achieving the fastest docking record for Shenzhou spacecraft [4] - The Shenzhou 21 crew includes three astronauts, with Zhang Lu as the commander, and will conduct various scientific experiments during their stay in the space station [4][5] Group 1 - The Shenzhou 21 mission is part of China's ongoing efforts in manned spaceflight, with a total of 28 astronauts and 44 missions to date [4] - The spacecraft's launch was executed by the Long March 2F rocket, marking the 604th flight of the Long March series [4] - The crew will engage in experiments related to space life sciences, microgravity physics, and new space technologies, including multiple extravehicular activities [4] Group 2 - This mission will also see the first implementation of a space science experiment involving four mice, marking a new phase in China's space station life science experiments [5] - The experiment aims to study the effects of microgravity and confined conditions on the behavior of the mice, contributing to understanding biological responses in space [5]

Core Viewpoint - The successful docking of the Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft with the Chinese space station in 3.5 hours marks a significant breakthrough in China's manned spaceflight technology, showcasing advancements in autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking capabilities [1][5]. Group 1: Technological Evolution - The 3.5-hour rendezvous mode represents a "V2.1 version" of China's docking technology, building on the previous V2.0 framework that reduced docking time from approximately 2 days to 6.5 hours [2]. - The Shenzhou 21 mission utilized a mature autonomous navigation and trajectory control framework, adapting the 3.5-hour docking experience from the Tianzhou 7 cargo spacecraft, which allows for more relaxed system requirements compared to the 2-hour plan of Tianzhou 5 [2][4]. Group 2: Autonomous Control - The docking process consists of two phases: the remote guidance phase and the close-range guidance phase, both of which have been fully autonomously controlled by China [3]. - The remote guidance phase involves the spacecraft adjusting its orbit to approach the space station, while the close-range phase focuses on precise adjustments to ensure accurate docking [3]. Group 3: Technical Optimizations - The reduction of docking time from 6.5 hours to 3.5 hours is attributed to three key technical optimizations: 1. More precise launch and orbital control to minimize initial phase differences, allowing for fewer orbital adjustments [4]. 2. Shortening the initial distance in the close-range guidance phase to start the final maneuvers closer to the docking point [4]. 3. Unified optimization of flight trajectories to enhance system fault tolerance and adaptability, ensuring safe approaches even with potential orbital discrepancies [4]. Group 4: Operational Flexibility - The guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system can switch between the 3.5-hour and 6.5-hour docking modes based on real-time assessments of the spacecraft's status, providing operational flexibility [5]. - The significant reduction in docking time enhances the feasibility of mission planning and execution, particularly in critical situations, ensuring astronaut safety and mission success [5].

Core Points - The Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft successfully launched on October 31, 2023, marking a new chapter in China's space exploration efforts [1] - The spacecraft achieved a record-fast docking time of 3.5 hours with the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station, improving the autonomous docking capabilities of the Shenzhou spacecraft [2] - The Shenzhou-21 is the sixth manned spacecraft in the application and development phase of the Chinese space station and the first to utilize a 3.5-hour rapid docking plan [1][2] Summary by Sections Launch and Docking - The Shenzhou-21 spacecraft was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, successfully entering its designated orbit [1] - The docking process with the space station was completed in approximately 3.5 hours, setting a new record for Shenzhou spacecraft [1][2] Technological Advancements - The 3.5-hour rapid docking plan reduces the number of trajectory control maneuvers and flight circles, alleviating the pressure on astronauts and enhancing overall mission reliability [2] - The Shenzhou spacecraft's payload capacity has been increased to transport high-value and time-sensitive cargo, contributing to the development of China's space station [2] Continuous Improvement - Over the past five years, the Shenzhou spacecraft team has focused on technological and procedural innovations to enhance mission execution capabilities [2] - The design of the return capsule has been optimized to expand downlink payload capacity, facilitating various space science experiments [2] Backup and Emergency Preparedness - The Shenzhou-22 spacecraft is on standby as a backup for emergency rescue operations, having completed all necessary preparations [3]

烈焰升腾，划破戈壁长空。10月31日23时44分，长二F火箭托举神舟二十一号载人飞船，将张陆、武 飞、张洪章3名航天员精准送入预定轨道，发射任务圆满成功。 挑战3.5小时快速交会对接 此次任务最引人瞩目的，无疑是神舟飞船首次在载人状态下挑战实施3.5小时自主快速交会对接。 此前，神舟八号与天宫一号空间实验站交会对接，用时两天；神舟十二号至神舟二十号，采用6.5小时 交会对接模式。如今，神舟二十一号挑战3.5小时交会对接，力争实现航天技术创新的又一次重大跨 越。 交会对接通常分为远程导引和近程导引两个阶段。负责导引的关键系统名为GNC（制导、导航与控 制），被称为飞船的"智慧大脑"。 从6.5小时到3.5小时，背后主要是3个层面的关键技术优化：一是远程导引段中，飞船绕地球飞行由3圈 减为2圈；二是缩短了近程导引段的初始距离，让飞船在更近的"起跑线"开始其最终的精准机动，压缩 最后一程的耗时；三是对远程导引的末段和近程导引的初段进行了统一优化，在可能存在目标轨道误差 过大的情况下也可以导引出正确轨迹，避免轨迹安全性问题。 专家表示，3.5小时交会对接，能够极大增强我国空间站任务规划的灵活性和应急响应能力。具体来 ...

Core Points - The Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft successfully launched on October 31, 2023, carrying three astronauts and marking a significant achievement in China's space exploration efforts [1][3]. Group 1: Mission Overview - Shenzhou-21 is the sixth manned spacecraft in the application and development phase of China's space station and the first to utilize a 3.5-hour rapid rendezvous and docking plan, significantly improving autonomous docking capabilities [3][4]. - The new docking plan reduces the time from the previous 6.5 hours to 3.5 hours, decreasing the number of trajectory control maneuvers and flight circles, thus alleviating the astronauts' flight pressure and enhancing overall mission response capabilities [3][4]. Group 2: Technical Innovations - The mission's success relies on three key optimizations: precise launch and orbit control, reduced initial distance for close-range guidance, and unified optimization of flight trajectories, enhancing system fault tolerance and adaptability [4][5]. - The Long March 2F rocket underwent nearly 20 technical improvements to ensure the precision required for the rapid docking, including advanced control systems for better sensitivity and decision-making [5]. Group 3: Scientific Experiments - During the mission, 27 scientific and application projects will be conducted, including the first domestic space experiment with four SPF-grade C57BL/6 laboratory mice to study the effects of microgravity and confinement on their behavior [6][7]. - The experiment aims to explore the adaptive responses and stress reactions of mice in space, with potential implications for understanding human health issues related to space travel and terrestrial conditions [8].

Core Points - The Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft was successfully launched by the Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on October 31 at 23:44:43 [1][4] - This mission marks the sixth manned flight during the application and development phase of the space station and the 37th flight of the manned space program [11] - The crew consists of Zhang Lu, Wu Fei, and Zhang Hongzhang, with Zhang Lu serving as the commander [14][20] Summary by Sections - **Launch Details** - The Shenzhou-21 spacecraft successfully separated from the rocket approximately 10 minutes after launch and entered its designated orbit [7] - The launch was described as a romantic moment for Chinese space exploration [5] - **Crew Information** - The crew members reported feeling well after the launch [9] - The youngest astronaut in the crew is from the post-90s generation, highlighting the new generation of Chinese astronauts [15] - **Current Space Station Status** - The Shenzhou-20 crew has been aboard the space station for over 180 days, preparing for the arrival of the Shenzhou-21 crew [22] - The Shenzhou-20 crew members are Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie, who watched the launch live from the space station [23]

Core Points - The Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft is scheduled for launch on October 31 at 23:44, with a crew of three astronauts led by commander Zhang Lu, who has named the mission "Li Jian 21" [1][2] - This mission marks Zhang Lu's transition from a "newcomer" to a commander, showcasing the continuity and progress of China's manned space program [2][3] - The crew consists of a mix of experienced and younger astronauts, with Zhang Lu (born in the 1970s), Wu Fei (born in the 1990s), and Zhang Hongzhang (born in the 1980s), each bringing unique skills and perspectives to the mission [2][3] Group 1 - Zhang Lu emphasizes the strengths of the crew: his experience and coordination skills, Wu Fei's youthful energy and technical expertise, and Zhang Hongzhang's calm demeanor and academic background [3] - The crew has developed a strong mutual trust and understanding through training and daily interactions, which is crucial for their effectiveness in space [3] - Zhang Lu aims to unify the team and maximize each member's strengths, following the advice of previous mission commanders [3] Group 2 - Wu Fei, the youngest astronaut at 32, has a background in aerospace engineering and has worked on various space projects, demonstrating a strong commitment to his role [4][5] - He expresses gratitude for the support from his family and his determination to contribute to China's space exploration efforts [5][6] - Wu Fei looks forward to conducting experiments in space and experiencing the unique environment firsthand [6] Group 3 - Zhang Hongzhang, a 39-year-old payload expert, has a strong academic background in chemistry and has dedicated his career to scientific research [7][8] - He has a passion for exploring life sciences and aims to contribute to experiments in space that align with national needs [8][9] - Zhang Hongzhang's training in Tai Chi has helped him adapt to the physical challenges of space training, enhancing his performance [9]

Core Points - The Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft is scheduled for launch on October 31 at 23:44, with a crew of three astronauts led by Zhang Lu, who has named the mission "Li Jian 21" [1][2] - This mission marks Zhang Lu's transition from a "newcomer" to a commander, showcasing the continuity and breakthroughs in China's manned space program [2][3] - The crew consists of a mix of experienced and younger astronauts, with Zhang Lu (born in the 1970s), Wu Fei (born in the 1990s), and Zhang Hongzhang (born in the 1980s), each bringing unique skills and perspectives to the mission [2][3] Group 1 - Zhang Lu emphasizes the importance of teamwork and understanding each member's strengths and weaknesses to maximize their effectiveness during the mission [3] - The crew has developed a strong mutual trust and camaraderie, which is crucial for their performance in space [3] - Wu Fei, the youngest astronaut at 32, expresses gratitude for the opportunity and is determined to contribute significantly to the mission [4][6] Group 2 - Zhang Hongzhang, a payload expert, is focused on conducting scientific experiments in space, reflecting his dedication to serving the nation [7][9] - His background in chemistry and commitment to research have prepared him for the challenges of space experimentation [8][9] - The mission will include experiments that Zhang Hongzhang has previously worked on, highlighting the practical application of his research in a space environment [9]