Summary of Liquid Cooling Market Research Industry Overview - The liquid cooling market is driven by the growth in AI chip power consumption and shipment volumes, as well as the development of complete cabinet solutions [2][4] - The market potential for liquid cooling in AI chips is estimated to reach hundreds of billions of RMB with approximately 10 million AI chips utilizing liquid cooling [2][4] Key Insights - **Value Breakdown**: - Single chip liquid cooling value is approximately 2,000 to 3,000 RMB, while single cabinet liquid cooling value ranges from 300,000 to 600,000 RMB depending on the model [2][6] - The total market space for 100,000 ML72 cabinets could reach 500 to 600 billion RMB [6] - **Components of Liquid Cooling Systems**: - Liquid cooling systems are divided into primary (external data center equipment) and secondary (internal server equipment) sides [2][7] - Key components include: - Cold plates (30-40% of value) - Quick disconnect couplings (QDC) (10-20% of value, highest profit margin of 50-60%) - Central Distribution Unit (CDU) (10-20% of value, profit margin around 30%) - Manifold and piping (approximately 10% of value) [7][12] - **Material and Cost**: - Cold plates are primarily made of copper, with CPU cold plates valued at around 500 RMB and GPU cold plates at about 1,000 RMB [10] - Domestic quick disconnect couplings are valued at approximately 600 RMB, while overseas they can reach 1,300 RMB [11] - CDU costs about 1,000 RMB per kW domestically and 200-240 USD per kW internationally [11][12] Market Dynamics - The growth of the liquid cooling industry is primarily driven by the increasing power consumption of chips and cabinets [4][6] - Not all chips require liquid cooling; traditional air cooling remains viable for many [4] - Future advancements in cooling technology, such as phase change or immersion cooling, may significantly increase the value contribution of liquid cooling systems [5][13] Additional Considerations - The primary side of the cooling system is mature and competitive, involving equipment like dry coolers and cooling towers [5][9] - The choice of cooling equipment depends on the climate and water resources of the data center's location [9] - The liquid types currently used are mainly water-based solutions, but future innovations may introduce more advanced fluids, enhancing system value [13]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Modine reported a 3% increase in first-quarter sales, driven primarily by growth in the Climate Solutions segment [24] - Adjusted EBITDA margin was 14.9%, down 40 basis points from the prior year, attributed to lower Performance Technologies volume and new investments in Climate Solutions [25] - Adjusted earnings per share was $1.06, a 2% increase compared to the previous year [27] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Climate Solutions segment revenue increased by 11%, with adjusted EBITDA improving by 10% and an adjusted EBITDA margin of 20% [17] - Data center sales grew by $24 million or 15% from the prior year, driven by higher sales in North America [17] - Performance Technologies revenues decreased by 8%, with adjusted EBITDA declining by 14% and adjusted EBITDA margin decreasing to 13.1% [12][22] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - North America data center business is experiencing extraordinary demand, with expectations to approach $2 billion in revenues by fiscal 2028 [9] - The company anticipates a significant acceleration in data center sales in the second half of the fiscal year, with expected growth of over 80% [31] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company has completed three strategic acquisitions this fiscal year to enhance its manufacturing capacity and product offerings [4] - Modine is focusing on organic growth in the data center business while also pursuing inorganic growth through acquisitions [4][7] - The company aims to maintain a balanced portfolio with strong organic growth in data centers and complementary solutions in HVAC technologies [4] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in raising revenue and earnings outlook for fiscal 2026 due to strong market demand and recent acquisitions [4] - The Performance Technologies segment is navigating tough market conditions, with expectations of continued challenges in vehicular markets [12] - Management highlighted the importance of strategic partnerships and innovation in meeting evolving customer demands in the data center segment [11] Other Important Information - The company plans to invest an additional $100 million in capital expenditures over the next 12 to 18 months to support growth [33] - Modine's net debt increased by $123 million compared to the prior fiscal year end, primarily due to recent acquisitions [28] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you talk about the magnitude of unabsorbed cost in the Climate business related to the DC build-out? - Management indicated that core capacity will convert at good margins, while incremental capital investments may convert at a lower rate due to added resources for engineering support [39] Question: How should we think about the fiscal 2027 data center revenue target? - Management suggested a straight-line approach for estimating fiscal 2027 revenue, trending towards a billion this fiscal year [41] Question: Will margins improve in the second half of the year? - Management expects total company margins to improve, driven mainly by Performance Technologies, with significant growth anticipated in the second half [45] Question: Can you provide clarity on capacity expansion and expected returns? - Management confirmed high returns on investment for capacity expansion, estimating over 40% return on invested capital [57] Question: What is the visibility on demand and capacity for the data center business? - Management stated they have visibility extending beyond a year, with commitments from customers driving the need for additional capacity [70] Question: Can you provide updates on divestiture processes? - Management mentioned ongoing efforts to sell the European headquarters and plans to exit the light-duty business, with expected closure later this year [76][77] Question: Are you expanding data center service capabilities alongside production? - Management confirmed that they are building out service capabilities to support the growth in equipment sales [101] Question: What is the outlook for future acquisitions? - Management indicated a pause on acquisitions for a couple of quarters to digest recent acquisitions and focus on data center expansion [98]

Core Insights - Accelsius has experienced significant growth in the first half of 2025, marked by a five-fold increase in data center deployments and expansion into international markets [1][5][9] - The company has achieved industry-leading thermal performance with its NeuCool technology, capable of cooling up to 4,500W per GPU socket, addressing the demands of next-generation AI workloads [2][4][10] - Accelsius has doubled its product portfolio, introducing the MR250 multi-rack Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU) to meet the growing needs of hyperscale and AI infrastructure [13][14] Industry Trends - The data center industry is undergoing a transformation due to the increasing demands of AI infrastructure, necessitating advanced cooling solutions [2][4] - Traditional cooling methods are becoming inadequate as rack densities approach 600kW configurations, highlighting the need for innovative technologies like those offered by Accelsius [2][4] Product and Technology Developments - Accelsius successfully demonstrated its cooling technology by maintaining GPU temperatures below NVIDIA's thermal throttle limits in a 250kW rack of AI servers [3][4] - The NeuGuard program was launched to enhance cooling reliability for AI and advanced computing deployments, offering coverage for internal damage caused by leaks [11][12] Strategic Partnerships and Market Expansion - The company has established key partnerships in Europe and entered the Canadian market, enhancing its international presence [5][8][9] - Collaborations with major players like Equinix and Nordik Data Centers are set to bolster Accelsius's market position and facilitate the development of next-generation AI data centers [7][8] Sustainability and Energy Efficiency - Accelsius's technology can operate with facility water temperatures 6-8°C higher than competitors, leading to over 25% cooling energy savings and supporting sustainability goals [4][10]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the penetration rate of liquid cooling in data centers is expected to increase rapidly due to the accelerated shipment of next-generation high-performance computing chips, leading to significant growth in orders for liquid cooling infrastructure suppliers [1] - The trend towards liquid cooling in data centers is driven by the limitations of traditional air cooling in high power density environments, with liquid cooling offering advantages such as high specific heat capacity, high thermal conductivity, low noise, high stability, and smaller footprint [1][2] - The liquid cooling infrastructure market is projected to grow significantly, with estimates indicating that the domestic data center total power will increase from 35.5 GW in 2024 to 68.8 GW in 2027, and the global liquid cooling infrastructure market is expected to grow from approximately 11.08 billion yuan in 2024 to 26.34 billion yuan in 2027 [4] Group 2 - The liquid cooling penetration rate in the data center sector is currently low, with only about 5% of server shipments being liquid-cooled servers, but it is anticipated to rise to 30-40% within the next 3-5 years [3] - High R&D investment intensity has created competitive barriers in the liquid cooling infrastructure industry, with leading companies like Invec maintaining a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 32.6% in R&D expenses from 2021 to 2024 [2] - The industry faces challenges in customer certification and procurement inertia, making clients cautious about introducing new suppliers [2]

Group 1 - The overall Server market is stabilizing, with ODMs focusing on AI Server development, and it is expected that Blackwell GPUs will account for over 80% of NVIDIA's high-end GPU shipments this year [1] - North American CSP giant Oracle is expanding its AI data center, benefiting companies like Supermicro and Quanta, with Supermicro's growth driven by AI Server projects [2] - Liquid cooling solutions are becoming a standard configuration for high-performance AI data centers, with increasing adoption rates for high-end AI chips [3] Group 2 - Liquid cooling will significantly boost the demand for cooling components, accelerating the supply chain's output pace, with companies like Fositek and Auras actively engaging in the liquid cooling market [5] - Fositek has begun shipping components for the GB300 platform, while Auras is establishing itself in the liquid cooling market with major clients including Oracle and Supermicro [5]

Core Insights - Accelsius will deploy its NeuCool™ IR80 system at Equinix's Co-Innovation Facility in Q3 2025, enhancing data center cooling solutions [1] - The collaboration aims to demonstrate technology in real-world scenarios, making it tangible for customers [2] - The two-phase, direct-to-chip cooling solution allows for warmer inlet water temperatures, leading to energy efficiency and reduced reliance on compressors [2] - The deployment will showcase the benefits of two-phase cooling for GPUs, with a non-conductive dielectric fluid ensuring safety [3] Company Overview - Accelsius, founded by Innventure, Inc. (NASDAQ:INV), focuses on advanced cooling solutions for data centers and edge operators [4] - The NeuCool platform offers thermal efficiencies through a safe, scalable two-phase liquid cooling system [4]

Core Insights - Accelsius will deploy its NeuCool™ IR80 system at Equinix's Co-Innovation Facility in Q3 2025, enhancing data center cooling solutions [1] - The collaboration aims to demonstrate technology in real-world scenarios, making it tangible for customers [2] - Accelsius' two-phase, direct-to-chip cooling solution allows for warmer inlet water temperatures, leading to energy efficiency and reduced reliance on compressors [2] - The partnership is part of ARPA-E's COOLERCHIPS program, targeting a reduction of cooling energy use to below 5% of a data center's IT load [2] - Accelsius' cooling system is designed to protect valuable assets like GPUs, using a non-conductive dielectric fluid [3] Company Overview - Accelsius, founded by Innventure, Inc. (NASDAQ:INV), focuses on advanced cooling solutions for data centers and edge operators [4] - The NeuCool platform offers thermal efficiencies through a safe, two-phase liquid cooling system scalable from single racks to entire data centers [4]

Industry Overview - The data center cooling market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.8% from 2023 to 2030, driven by the demand for coolant architectures for AI and high-performance computing [1]. Company Analysis: Super Micro Computer (SMCI) - SMCI's server and storage revenues are significantly supported by its direct liquid cooling products, achieving a production volume of over 2000 DLC racks per month [3]. - The company launched DLC-2 technology in May 2025, which offers features such as water and space savings, noise reduction, and a potential reduction in electricity costs by up to 40% [4]. - SMCI is currently facing challenges, including delayed purchasing decisions from customers and margin contraction due to increased competition from established players like HPE and Dell Technologies [5]. - The Zacks Consensus Estimate for SMCI's fiscal 2025 earnings is $2.07 per share, reflecting a year-over-year decline of 6.3% [5][6]. Company Analysis: Vertiv (VRT) - Vertiv has a robust thermal management portfolio, providing various cooling solutions that optimize performance and power utilization [7]. - The company is projected to achieve 24.91% EPS growth in FY25, driven by strong demand for AI cooling solutions [7][10]. - Vertiv continues to invest in research and capacity expansion to meet the growing needs of AI infrastructure, including the development of high-density cooling solutions for NVIDIA's platforms [9]. - The Zacks Consensus Estimate for Vertiv's fiscal 2025 revenues is $9.52 billion, indicating year-over-year growth of 18.8%, with earnings estimated at $3.56 per share, reflecting a growth of 24.91% [10][11]. Stock Performance and Valuation - Year-to-date, shares of SMCI have increased by 65.2%, while VRT shares have gained 6.3% [12]. - SMCI is trading at a forward Price to Sales ratio of 1.01X, above its median of 0.83X, whereas VRT is trading at a forward sales multiple of 4.5X, higher than its median of 4.25X [13]. Conclusion - Both SMCI and VRT are benefiting from the growth in cooling technology due to AI workloads and high-performance computing [16]. - However, VRT's financial metrics suggest it is a stronger investment choice compared to SMCI, which currently holds a Zacks Rank of 3 (Hold) versus VRT's 2 (Buy) [16].

Summary of Liquid Cooling Industry Research Industry Overview - The liquid cooling industry is experiencing rapid growth driven by the increasing demand for high computing power and policy guidance, with the penetration rate expected to exceed 20% by 2025 from approximately 10% in 2024, although air cooling remains dominant [1][6][9]. Key Points and Arguments - **Data Center PUE Reduction Policies**: National policies require that by the end of 2025, new and renovated large data centers must achieve a Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of below 1.25, with key nodes not exceeding 1.2, and the national average PUE below 1.5. Recent data shows a decrease to 1.26 [1][9]. - **Smart Computing Drives Liquid Cooling Development**: The reliance on high-power chips like NVIDIA's Blackwell series necessitates more effective cooling solutions, as these chips generate significantly higher heat compared to traditional data centers [1][8]. - **Importance of Stable Temperature and Humidity**: A 10-degree increase in server temperature can reduce equipment reliability and lifespan by 50%. Data center failures can lead to decreased operational efficiency and potential data loss [1][5]. - **Liquid Cooling Technology Types**: The main types of liquid cooling technologies include cold plate, silent, and spray cooling, with cold plate systems currently being the most widely deployed [1][3][19]. - **Investment Opportunities**: Recommendations include focusing on integrated solution providers and high-value, low domestic production component suppliers, which are expected to meet the growing data processing demands while aligning with green development goals [10][20]. Additional Important Content - **PUE Definition and Importance**: PUE is a critical metric for assessing data center energy efficiency, with lower values indicating better efficiency. Liquid cooling technologies can help achieve lower PUE by improving thermal management [11][12]. - **Liquid Cooling System Components**: Key components of liquid cooling systems include the cold distribution unit (CDU), which manages heat transfer, and various cooling sources that can be natural or mechanical [14][16]. - **Risks and Challenges**: Potential risks include underwhelming computing demand, insufficient chip supply, international trade tensions, and increased industry competition [21].

Summary of InVenture (INV) Conference Call - June 12, 2025 Company Overview - InVenture operates as a conglomerate model, launching wholly owned companies in collaboration with multinationals, acting as founders, funders, owners, and operators of these companies [3][4][10] - The company focuses on technology solutions that are either invented or adopted by multinationals, which are outside their core operations [4][9] Core Model and Strategy - InVenture employs a closed loop model with four core aspects: uniqueness of technology, fully developed technology, leveraging multinational experience, and catalyzing early adoption through multinational relationships [4][6][7] - The model aims to reduce risk by ensuring that technology solutions are in pilot form before full commercial launch, thus increasing the likelihood of success [7][12] - The company has launched four companies to date, including PureCycle and Aeroflex in partnership with Procter & Gamble, and Excelsius, which addresses critical cooling technology needs in data centers [10][11][15] Excelsius and Market Opportunity - Excelsius is positioned to capitalize on the growth of data centers and generative AI, addressing a critical infrastructure gap in cooling technology [15][16] - The current cooling methods in data centers are inadequate, with 8% still using air conditioning, while the industry is moving towards two-phase cooling solutions [16][18] - Excelsius offers a cost-effective two-phase cooling solution that reduces energy costs and allows for denser server configurations, providing both critical need and economic incentive for adoption [21][22] Financial Performance and Growth Potential - InVenture aims to demonstrate high earnings per share growth by systematically launching companies that exhibit an S-curve of growth, potentially leading to premium valuations [14] - The company has invested approximately $10 million into PureCycle, which went public at a $1.2 billion valuation and is currently trading at around $2 billion [23] - The company plans to maintain a disciplined capital allocation approach, aiming to launch approximately one company per year while managing operational strain and dilution of focus [34][36] Capital Strategy and Market Position - InVenture has closed approximately $150 million in financing and plans to raise additional capital to support its growth and operational needs [40][41] - The company emphasizes the importance of a strong capital markets team to navigate funding challenges and ensure long-term success [43][45] - The value proposition for investors lies in accessing early-stage venture opportunities with a better risk-adjusted basis, particularly through the growth potential of Excelsius and the systematic launch of new companies [52][54] Conclusion - InVenture's model is designed to create value through strategic partnerships and innovative technology solutions, with Excelsius serving as a key proof point for the company's growth strategy [53][54]