Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for reform in engineering education to align with the demands of the modern industrial landscape, particularly in the context of artificial intelligence and interdisciplinary knowledge integration [2][3]. Group 1: Current Challenges in Engineering Education - Over 80% of academic disciplines in Chinese universities are products of the first three industrial revolutions, leading to issues such as demand mismatch, outdated content, and insufficient capabilities [2]. - Traditional engineering education focuses too much on specialization, resulting in narrow knowledge bases and inadequate humanistic and innovative skills, which are essential in the AI era [2]. - The fragmentation of knowledge due to overly detailed specialization dilutes educational resources and weakens knowledge integration [3]. Group 2: Reform Initiatives in Engineering Education - Various universities are reforming their engineering talent cultivation models by enhancing new engineering layouts and breaking traditional academic structures [3][6]. - Shanghai Jiao Tong University has established four new colleges focused on electrical engineering, automation, computer science, and information engineering to support AI-driven technological revolutions [7]. - Peking University has restructured its departments to focus on cutting-edge fields like integrated circuits and intelligent technologies, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration [7]. Group 3: Curriculum Design Based on Industry Needs - Courses like "Engineering Finite Element and Numerical Calculation" are being adjusted to meet actual industry demands, emphasizing practical innovation capabilities [8]. - The integration of real-world engineering problems into the curriculum is crucial for developing students' engineering thinking and practical skills [8]. - Stanford University emphasizes the importance of AI and machine learning across all engineering disciplines, requiring students to complete a significant number of math and science credits [8]. Group 4: Professional Adjustments in Engineering Disciplines - The Ministry of Education's reform plan aims to optimize and adjust 20% of academic programs by 2025, leading to a wave of changes in undergraduate programs [10][16]. - Since the reform plan was announced, 3,229 new undergraduate programs have been established, while 2,534 have been discontinued, with engineering disciplines seeing the most significant adjustments [11]. - The engineering field has added 1,395 new programs, primarily in computer science, electronic information, and mechanical engineering, while also seeing a high number of program discontinuations [14]. Group 5: Future Directions for Professional Optimization - The focus of professional adjustment should start from engineering disciplines, addressing common pain points and promoting systemic knowledge integration [15]. - Future professional adjustments will emphasize the construction of new engineering, medical, agricultural, and liberal arts disciplines, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration [16]. - The government aims to enhance the responsiveness of professional settings to high-quality development needs, ensuring alignment with national strategies and market demands [17].

该文指出，目前，我国高校超过80%的学科专业是前三次工业革命的产物，存在需求失配、内涵老化、名称陈旧、能力不适等问题。特别是传统工科教育 理念过于强调专业化，在人才培养中容易造成知识面窄、人文底蕴和创新能力不足的状况，难以适应人工智能时代对创新型复合型人才的需求。当下，高 校学科专业设置和建设机制亟待改变，不同知识体系之间利用自身特有的研究范式和话语体系创造出学科的"高墙"正在被打破，人工智能赋能学科转型发 展、内涵升级正在成为共识。 随着新技术、新场景不断涌现，当前产业发展对工程人才培养的实际需求已非"大而全"。日前，中国工程院院士、同济大学党委书记郑庆华在署名文章 《以工程智能为突破口赋能学科转型发展和拔尖创新人才培养》中写到，应强化工程智能赋能，推动学科转型发展内涵升级。 按产业需求设计课程 中国工程院2021年的咨询研究项目"世界顶级工学院建设的战略研究"报告披露，我国每年工科毕业生总量超过世界工科毕业生总数的1/3，但支撑产业升 级的人才储备，尤其是高层次、创新型工程技术人才明显不足。 不只是郑庆华，中国工程院院士、西北工业大学党委书记李言荣也曾指出工科专业粗放型设置的问题。他曾撰文指出，我国工科专 ...

Core Insights - The adjustment of engineering majors in China has been significant, with 1,395 new majors added and 823 majors removed in the past two years [7][5] - The current industrial demand for engineering talent has shifted from a "large and comprehensive" approach to a more specialized focus, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary and innovative talent in the era of artificial intelligence [1][2] Group 1: Engineering Major Adjustments - The Ministry of Education and other departments have initiated a reform plan aiming to optimize and adjust 20% of higher education majors by 2025, leading to a wave of adjustments in undergraduate programs [5][10] - The majority of new engineering majors focus on fields such as computer science, electronic information, and mechanical engineering, with a notable increase in majors related to artificial intelligence and smart manufacturing [7][9] Group 2: Educational Reform and Talent Development - There is a consensus among educational institutions, government, and industry to collaborate in cultivating engineering talent, with many universities reforming their academic structures to better align with market demands [3][4] - Notable universities like Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Peking University have restructured their departments to focus on cutting-edge fields such as integrated circuits and intelligent technologies, enhancing interdisciplinary integration [3][4] Group 3: Curriculum Design Based on Industry Needs - Courses are being designed to align with actual industry demands, such as the course "Engineering Finite Element and Numerical Calculation," which integrates practical engineering problems into the curriculum [4] - The emphasis is on developing students' practical innovation capabilities, with educational resources being built around real-world engineering challenges [4][9] Group 4: Future Directions and Strategic Focus - The focus of future professional adjustments will be on integrating new engineering, medical, agricultural, and liberal arts disciplines, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration [10] - The government aims to enhance the responsiveness of higher education to national strategies, market needs, and technological advancements, ensuring that talent cultivation aligns with economic and social development [10]