（来源：团结报） 转自：团结报 □ 张继超 全面抗战的爆发，使闻一多等学院派知识分子的处境发生了根本性变化。在从北京到昆明的大转移中， 闻一多参加了历时两个多月、横跨湘黔滇三省共三千余里的步行团。有人问他："闻先生，你大可照学 校的规定坐车、乘船，舒舒服服地到昆明，何必受这个罪呢？"闻一多很严肃地说："国难期间，走几千 里路算不了受罪。"这次长途跋涉留给闻一多的印象极为深刻，沿途的所见加深了他对旧中国的认识。 人民的贫困、文化的落后、道旁的罂粟，还有不断出现在眼前如《石壕吏》中所描写的抓壮丁场景，都 让他感到心痛。闻一多开始反思：回国后一直在各大城市教书，过的是假洋鬼子的生活。虽然是一个中 国人，而对于中国社会及人民生活，知道得很少，这真是醉生梦死呀！ 1943年春，蒋介石的《中国之命运》一书公开发售。在书中，蒋介石公开宣扬专制主义，这让闻一多无 法接受。面对严酷的现实，闻一多毅然抛弃文化救国的幻想。他写信给学生臧克家说：从青岛时代起， 经过十余年故纸堆中的生活，我有了把握，看清了我们这民族，这文化的病症，我敢于开方了。和许多 爱国知识分子一样，闻一多从对现实的不满和反省中走上新的道路，诗人、学者开始转变了。 ...

Core Ideas - The article emphasizes the importance of dialectical materialism as a method for understanding and addressing complex issues in society, as highlighted by Xi Jinping's call for enhanced dialectical thinking abilities [1][5] - It traces the historical development of dialectical materialism from ancient Greek philosophy through Hegel to its scientific application by Marx and Engels, who integrated it into both natural and historical materialism [1][2][3] Summary by Sections Historical Development of Dialectical Materialism - Dialectical thought has roots in ancient philosophy, with significant contributions from figures like Heraclitus and Hegel, but was scientifically weaponized by Marx and Engels [1] - Marx criticized Hegel's idealism and established materialist dialectics, focusing on the relationship between thought and reality [1][2] Application in Historical Materialism - Marx and Engels applied dialectical materialism to historical analysis, emphasizing the role of material production in shaping social life and historical development [2] - They articulated the dialectical relationship between productive forces and production relations, leading to the conclusion that capitalism would inevitably give way to socialism [2] Integration with Scientific Socialism - The practical application of dialectical materialism is evident in Marx and Engels' involvement in the international communist movement, where they combined theory with revolutionary practice [3] - This integration is reflected in foundational texts like the "Communist Manifesto" and their analysis of historical events such as the Paris Commune [3] Influence on Chinese Communist Party - The Chinese Communist Party has adopted dialectical materialism as a core component of its worldview and methodology, with leaders like Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping applying these principles to Chinese revolutionary and reform practices [4][5] - Xi Jinping has reiterated the necessity of dialectical thinking in navigating contemporary challenges, advocating for a comprehensive understanding of contradictions in society [5]