Core Viewpoint - The "Patigalang" shield machine, developed by China Railway Engineering Equipment Group, represents China's entry into the global customized shield machine market, marking a significant milestone in the country's engineering capabilities [2][4]. Group 1: Development and Achievements - The "Patigalang" shield machine has a diameter of 15.7 meters, making it the largest shield machine exported by China [4]. - In the early 2000s, the Chinese shield machine market was dominated by international giants like Herrenknecht and Kawasaki, with imported machines costing up to 150 million yuan [4]. - A collaborative effort began in 2002 involving over 20 research institutions, leading to the development of more than 30 core technologies, including composite cutter head design and domestic production of main bearings [4][6]. - The first domestic composite shield machine, "China Railway No. 1," was launched in April 2008, marking the end of reliance on foreign technology [6]. Group 2: Current Challenges - Despite significant advancements, the Chinese shield machine industry faces new challenges, particularly in the Southeast Asian market, where a lack of digital twin technology has hindered competitiveness [6]. - Japanese companies, such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, have gained a competitive edge by utilizing a dual-mode shield machine and localized assembly, reducing delivery times by 40% and capturing 80% of hard rock tunneling orders in Southeast Asia [6]. - The complexity of shield machines, which consist of thousands of components across various disciplines, presents challenges in integrating multi-disciplinary models and leveraging AI for high-end manufacturing solutions [8]. Group 3: Future Directions - There is a pressing need to address the disconnect between academia and industry in talent cultivation, as many universities offer interdisciplinary courses but fail to bridge the gap between research and practical application [8].

1997年，我国建设西康铁路秦岭隧道，从国外采购了两台硬岩掘进机。这两台设备带来了让人惊叹的施 工安全性和挖掘效率，但问题也逐渐凸显：机器维修保养时，中方人员不能参加，维修进度完全取决于 外方…… 没有核心技术就没有话语权。于是，中国中铁成立了盾构机研发项目组，立志"造中国人自己的盾构"。 大学刚毕业的王杜娟成为项目组成员。 盾构机作为集机、电、液、气、传感于一体的大型自动化掘进设备，零部件多达1万多个，一个控制系 统就有2000多个控制点。"那时项目组没有技术，也没有人指导，一切都要从零开始。"王杜娟回忆道， 为了印证研发数据，她和同事们不断往返施工现场。"加班是工作常态，熬夜是家常便饭，咬咬牙就过 来了"。经过不懈努力，终于迎来了突破性成果。2008年4月，我国首台拥有自主知识产权的复合式土压 平衡盾构机"中国中铁1号"诞生了，填补了我国在复合盾构制造领域的空白。2009年2月，"中国中铁1 号"从天津地铁3号线项目始发，开启地下追光之旅，圆满完成国产盾构的首秀。 "人在事中不知道害怕，事后我们都惊讶自己的胆子竟然那么大，敢花这么多钱，去做风险这么大的事 情。"王杜娟说，在天津地铁3号线项目中，地面有历史 ...