这是 2025 年 1 月 15 日在安徽合肥拍摄的有 " 人造太阳 " 之称的全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置 （ EAST ）。新华社记者 黄博涵 摄 2025 年 11 月 3 日拍摄的 " 夸父 " 园区的夸父雕像。新华社记者 陈诺 摄 2025 年 12 月 9 日拍摄的紧凑型聚变能实验装置（ BEST ）建设现场（无人机照片）。新华社记者 周牧 摄 Q：天上明明有太阳，这又是个啥"太阳"？ A：原来，这说的是俗称"人造太阳"的可控核聚变装置。 2025 年 3 月 9 日在中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院拍摄的聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施八分之一 真空室及总体安装系统主体平台。新华社记者 周牧 摄 万物生长靠太阳，而太阳的能量来自其内部的核聚变反应——在极高温度和压力下，氢原子聚变成 氦原子并释放出巨大能量。 人造太阳正是要模拟太阳的聚变反应。科学家找到的模拟方法不少，其中有一种名为"托卡马克"的 装置，它利用磁约束来实现受控核聚变，犹如一个螺旋形"磁跑道"，锁住高温等离子体，达到核聚变目 的。 这是人类对能源的终极梦想：安全、清洁、几乎无限。核聚变能原料丰富，比如来自海水中氢的同 位素氘和氚。一升海水 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's advancements in nuclear fusion technology, specifically the development of the "artificial sun" known as the EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) and its significance in achieving clean and nearly limitless energy through controlled nuclear fusion [2][4][6]. Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Technology - Nuclear fusion mimics the sun's energy production by fusing hydrogen atoms into helium under extreme conditions, releasing vast amounts of energy [2]. - The EAST facility, established by the Hefei Institute of Physical Science, has achieved significant milestones, including breaking world records in fusion experiments [6][4]. - The facility operates under extreme conditions, including ultra-high temperatures and strong magnetic fields, and has over 200 core technologies [4]. Group 2: Future Developments - The "Kua Fu" facility is dedicated to developing core components for the next generation of nuclear fusion reactors, with a focus on improving supporting equipment alongside core technologies [6][9]. - The compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) is under construction and is expected to demonstrate plasma "burning" by the end of 2027, with hopes of achieving practical fusion energy by around 2030 [9][11]. - The article highlights the cultural significance of the Kua Fu statue and its connection to the scientific advancements being made in fusion energy [1][7].

Core Insights - Controlled nuclear fusion is transitioning from laboratory research to engineering and commercialization, with expectations to see the first operational fusion energy by around 2030 [1] - The core of fusion commercialization lies in finding a technically feasible and economically viable path [1] - China's fusion sector is characterized by a unique collaboration model involving state-owned enterprises, private companies, and diverse partnerships [1] Group 1: Technological Developments - Advanced Tokamak devices like the "EAST" and "China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor" are leading the scientific exploration in China [3] - The construction of key facilities for fusion technology research aims to provide essential support for engineering implementation [3] - The "BEST" facility is expected to demonstrate power generation by 2030, serving as a platform for the next generation of fusion energy [3] Group 2: Industry Collaboration - Private enterprises are emerging as key players in exploring diverse technological routes in the fusion sector [3] - Companies like Xinghuan Energy and Xin'ao Group are innovating in areas such as spherical Tokamaks and safer fusion fuels [3] - A collaborative model is effectively breaking through supply chain bottlenecks, enhancing engineering efficiency [7] Group 3: Talent Development - The establishment of specialized institutes and programs in universities is aimed at cultivating a diverse talent pool for the fusion industry [8] - Initiatives like the "Xiyuan Fusion Innovation Fund" are designed to support young researchers in tackling core technologies [8] Group 4: Financial Support - The establishment of a fusion financial institution alliance aims to align financial services with industry needs [10] - A venture capital fund focused on fusion energy has been launched to provide necessary capital for industry growth [10] - The development of a tailored investment evaluation system is intended to support the unique characteristics of the fusion industry [10]