这是 2025 年 1 月 15 日在安徽合肥拍摄的有 " 人造太阳 " 之称的全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置 （ EAST ）。新华社记者 黄博涵 摄 2025 年 11 月 3 日拍摄的 " 夸父 " 园区的夸父雕像。新华社记者 陈诺 摄 2025 年 12 月 9 日拍摄的紧凑型聚变能实验装置（ BEST ）建设现场（无人机照片）。新华社记者 周牧 摄 Q：天上明明有太阳，这又是个啥"太阳"？ A：原来，这说的是俗称"人造太阳"的可控核聚变装置。 2025 年 3 月 9 日在中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院拍摄的聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施八分之一 真空室及总体安装系统主体平台。新华社记者 周牧 摄 万物生长靠太阳，而太阳的能量来自其内部的核聚变反应——在极高温度和压力下，氢原子聚变成 氦原子并释放出巨大能量。 人造太阳正是要模拟太阳的聚变反应。科学家找到的模拟方法不少，其中有一种名为"托卡马克"的 装置，它利用磁约束来实现受控核聚变，犹如一个螺旋形"磁跑道"，锁住高温等离子体，达到核聚变目 的。 这是人类对能源的终极梦想：安全、清洁、几乎无限。核聚变能原料丰富，比如来自海水中氢的同 位素氘和氚。一升海水 ...

Core Insights - Controlled nuclear fusion is transitioning from laboratory research to engineering and commercialization, with expectations to see the first operational fusion energy by around 2030 [1] - The core of fusion commercialization lies in finding a technically feasible and economically viable path [1] - China's fusion sector is characterized by a unique collaboration model involving state-owned enterprises, private companies, and diverse partnerships [1] Group 1: Technological Developments - Advanced tokamak devices like the "East" (EAST) and "China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor" (CFETR) are leading the scientific exploration in fusion technology [2] - The construction of key systems for fusion reactor research facilities aims to support the development and verification of critical fusion technologies [2] - The next-generation "artificial sun" experimental device (BEST) aims to demonstrate power generation by 2030 [2] Group 2: Industry Collaboration - Private enterprises are emerging as key players in exploring diverse technological routes in the fusion sector [2] - Companies like Xinghuan Energy and Xinneng Xuanguang are innovating with spherical tokamaks and AI-powered energy solutions [2] - The collaboration between state-owned and private enterprises enhances the efficiency of technological iterations and accelerates the commercialization process [2] Group 3: Supply Chain and Material Demand - Major scientific advancements are driving demand for superconducting materials, vacuum equipment, and specialized power sources [3] - The successful development of extreme low-temperature heat exchange technology and ultra-high temperature radiation materials indicates significant progress in the supply chain [5] Group 4: Talent Development and Education - The establishment of fusion science and engineering programs in universities aims to cultivate interdisciplinary talent for the fusion industry [5] - Companies are enhancing practical engineering capabilities through major projects and initiatives like the Xiyuan Fusion Innovation Fund to support young researchers [5] Group 5: Financial Support and Investment - The establishment of a fusion financial institution alliance aims to align financial services with industry needs, injecting capital into the fusion sector [8] - A new investment evaluation system tailored to the characteristics of the fusion industry is being developed to support the growth of this sector [8]

Core Insights - Controlled nuclear fusion is transitioning from laboratory research to engineering and commercialization, with expectations to see the first operational fusion energy by around 2030 [1] - The core of fusion commercialization lies in finding a technically feasible and economically viable path [1] - China's fusion sector is characterized by a unique collaboration model involving state-owned enterprises, private companies, and diverse partnerships [1] Group 1: Technological Developments - Advanced tokamak devices like the "EAST" and "China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor" are leading the scientific exploration in China's fusion research [3] - The construction of key facilities for fusion technology research and verification is underway, aiming for operational demonstration by 2030 [3] - Private enterprises are diversifying technological approaches in fusion, with companies like Xinghuan Energy and Xineng Xuanguang focusing on innovative solutions [3] Group 2: Industry Collaboration - The collaboration between state-owned and private enterprises enhances the efficiency of technological iterations in fusion energy [3] - Major scientific advancements are driving demand for upstream industries such as superconducting materials and vacuum equipment [4] - Cross-domain collaboration is effectively integrating research resources and industry needs, significantly improving engineering progress [6] Group 3: Talent Development - The establishment of specialized educational institutions, such as the Fusion Science and Engineering College at Hefei University, is aimed at cultivating interdisciplinary talent [6][7] - Companies are enhancing practical capabilities through major projects and initiatives like the Xiyuan Fusion Innovation Fund to support young researchers [7] Group 4: Financial Support - Financial institutions are increasingly supporting the fusion industry, with the establishment of a Fusion Financial Alliance to align financial services with industry needs [9] - A new venture capital fund focused on fusion energy aims to create an investment evaluation system tailored to the industry's characteristics [9]