Core Insights - China has entered the top ten of the Global Innovation Index, highlighting its prominent position as a global innovation leader [1] - The country is experiencing rapid advancements in technology, with significant achievements in space exploration and nuclear fusion [3][4] - The integration of technological and industrial innovation is accelerating, with widespread applications of 5G, Beidou navigation, and brain-computer interfaces [3] Investment in R&D - In 2024, China's total R&D expenditure is expected to exceed 3.6 trillion yuan, ranking second globally, with basic research funding reaching 249.7 billion yuan [4] - The number of effective invention patents in strategic emerging industries has reached 1.472 million, with a focus on high-value core patents in AI, new energy, and life sciences [3] Innovation Ecosystem - China has 24 innovation clusters ranked among the top 100 globally, maintaining the first position for three consecutive years [6] - The country is leveraging a new type of national system to integrate innovative forces and resources, promoting the development of influential regional innovation hubs [6] Policy and Market Dynamics - Recent reforms in the science and technology system aim to address deep-seated issues hindering innovation, including new funding models and talent attraction policies [7] - The market environment is conducive to innovation, with over 500,000 high-tech enterprises and significant participation of businesses in national research projects [8] Future Outlook - The upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan" marks a critical period for achieving the goal of becoming a technological powerhouse within ten years [9] - The focus will be on enhancing original and leading-edge technological breakthroughs, improving the innovation ecosystem, and addressing key challenges in technology development [9]

虽然该装置长得和太阳不像，但是相同的是，太阳的巨大能量来自内部的核聚变反应，"人造太阳"内部也可以实现可控的核聚变反应。 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所副研究员王腾在现场介绍："该装置能像太阳一样，稳定持续地产生聚变能的供应，这些能源我们后续 可以用于产电、产热、制氢等，走进未来的能源市场。为什么要做这个装置呢？因为我们今天消耗的主力能源（煤、石油、天然气等）是有限且不可再生 的。" 近日，第一记者实地探访了位于安徽省合肥市物质科学研究院的全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置（简称"EAST"），该装置有"人造太阳"之称。 F 0 an 5 8 中 P .. 第一财经记者在现场看见，该装置高约11米、直径约8米、重400余吨，技术人员戴着"小黄帽"有序地进行装置的检修工作，为实验做准备。 据了解，今年1月，EAST创造新世界纪录，首次实现1亿摄氏度1066秒稳态长脉冲高约束模等离子体运行，标志着我国聚变能源研究实现从基础科学向工程 实践的重大跨越。它的升级版——紧凑型聚变能实验装置（BEST）计划将在2027年完成建设并首次演示聚变发电，推动核聚变从实验室研究向工程应用跨 越。 王腾表示："2027年 ...

第一财经记者在现场看见，该装置高约11米、直径约8米、重400余吨，技术人员戴着"小黄帽"有序地进行装置的检修工作，为实验做准备。 近日，第一记者实地探访了位于安徽省合肥市物质科学研究院的全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置（简称"EAST"），该装置有"人造太阳"之称。 F 0 an 5 8 中 P .. 虽然该装置长得和太阳不像，但是相同的是，太阳的巨大能量来自内部的核聚变反应，"人造太阳"内部也可以实现可控的核聚变反应。 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所副研究员王腾在现场介绍："该装置能像太阳一样，稳定持续地产生聚变能的供应，这些能源我们后续 可以用于产电、产热、制氢等，走进未来的能源市场。为什么要做这个装置呢？因为我们今天消耗的主力能源（煤、石油、天然气等）是有限且不可再生 的。" 据了解，今年1月，EAST创造新世界纪录，首次实现1亿摄氏度1066秒稳态长脉冲高约束模等离子体运行，标志着我国聚变能源研究实现从基础科学向工程 实践的重大跨越。它的升级版——紧凑型聚变能实验装置（BEST）计划将在2027年完成建设并首次演示聚变发电，推动核聚变从实验室研究向工程应用跨 越。 王腾表示："2027年 ...

Group 1: Technological Innovations - The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) in Beijing is the first fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source in Asia, capable of producing light one trillion times brighter than the sun, enabling detailed analysis of materials at the nanoscale [2][3] - The EAST nuclear fusion experiment in Hefei achieved a world record of 100 million degrees Celsius for 1000 seconds, contributing to advancements in fusion energy [4] - The integration of artificial intelligence, 5G, and digital twin technologies in the automotive industry has led to precision manufacturing processes in Anhui, with the province leading in both automotive and new energy vehicle production [7] Group 2: Industry Development and Economic Impact - Guangdong's low-altitude economy has surpassed 100 billion yuan, with consumer drones holding 95% of the national market share, indicating a robust growth in the drone industry [7] - The approval of a new low-calorie sweetener, allulose, produced through a novel fermentation method, is expected to create new opportunities in China's health industry [8] - The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has seen a 154% year-on-year increase in new energy vehicle production, highlighting the effectiveness of regional industrial collaboration [10] Group 3: Talent and Innovation Ecosystem - The attraction of top talent is crucial for innovation, with Beijing's scientific community fostering an environment conducive to groundbreaking research and collaboration [5] - The establishment of the XbotPark robotics base in Dongguan exemplifies the successful integration of government support and enterprise operation, leading to the incubation of over 140 high-tech companies [11] - The Greater Bay Area is evolving into a hub for innovation, with a complete innovation ecosystem that includes basic research, technology breakthroughs, and commercialization [11]

Group 1 - The article highlights that U.S. tariffs on China, effective from August 1, are unlikely to negatively impact China's economy or trade volume, and may even boost them due to the current global trade dynamics favoring China over the U.S. [1] - China is leading the clean energy sector, with a projected contribution of over 10% to its GDP by 2024, while the U.S. is regressing in clean energy development and shifting focus back to fossil fuels [1] - China's investment in clean energy reached approximately 13.6 trillion RMB, nearly equivalent to the total fossil fuel expenditure of other regions, indicating its dominance in the clean energy supply chain [2] Group 2 - China is making significant advancements in clean energy technologies, including thorium reactors, which could provide a breakthrough in clean energy, contrasting with the U.S.'s lack of action in this area [2] - The recent achievements in nuclear fusion research, particularly with the EAST project, demonstrate China's leadership in this field, outpacing U.S. efforts in terms of project progress and investment [2] - A joint statement from China and the EU emphasizes their commitment to climate change cooperation, signaling a shift in climate leadership amid U.S. withdrawal from climate initiatives [3]

Core Viewpoint - The development of controlled nuclear fusion technology, often referred to as "artificial sun," is seen as a potential ultimate energy source for humanity, with significant advancements being made in China over the past decades [1][2]. Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Technology - Controlled nuclear fusion mimics the sun's energy production by fusing hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, which can be extracted from seawater [1]. - One liter of seawater can release energy equivalent to that of 300 liters of gasoline when used in nuclear fusion [1]. - Nuclear fusion is considered safer than nuclear fission, as the reaction stops immediately if conditions fail, eliminating risks of nuclear leakage or radiation [1]. Group 2: Recent Achievements - The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has achieved significant milestones, including a world record of 1 billion degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds in January [2]. - The upcoming compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) focuses on energy output, aiming to exceed input energy, which is crucial for commercialization [2]. Group 3: Industry Development - The nuclear fusion industry is vast, with the BEST device representing a significant commercial application opportunity, potentially involving millions of components [2]. - Over 30 small to medium-sized tech companies related to nuclear fusion have been incubated in Hefei, with some already listed [4]. - The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is under construction and will be a leading research and testing platform in the international fusion field, expected to be completed by the end of this year [4]. Group 4: Future Plans - The timeline for nuclear fusion commercialization includes the completion of the BEST device by 2027, the first demonstration of fusion energy generation by 2030, and the establishment of a fusion engineering demonstration plant by 2035, with a goal for commercial fusion energy by 2050 [4].

Core Insights - The article discusses the advancements in controlled nuclear fusion technology, highlighting its potential as a clean and virtually limitless energy source for humanity [3][5][6]. Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Technology - Controlled nuclear fusion mimics the sun's energy production by fusing hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, which can be extracted from seawater [5][6]. - One liter of seawater can produce fusion fuel deuterium, releasing energy equivalent to 300 liters of gasoline during nuclear fusion [5]. - Nuclear fusion is considered safer than nuclear fission, as the reaction stops immediately if conditions fail, eliminating risks of nuclear leakage or radiation [6]. Group 2: Recent Achievements - The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has achieved significant milestones, including a world record of 1 billion degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds in January [6][11]. - The new compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) focuses on energy output, aiming to exceed input energy, which is crucial for commercialization [8][9]. Group 3: Industry Development - Over 30 small to medium-sized tech companies related to nuclear fusion have been established in Hefei, with some already listed [9]. - Hefei has nearly 60 companies covering the entire nuclear fusion energy industry chain, from superconducting materials to operational design [9][11]. - The establishment of the Fusion Industry Alliance in Hefei in 2023 has gathered over 200 member companies, enhancing collaboration across the industry [9]. Group 4: Future Prospects - The BEST device is expected to be completed by 2027, with the first demonstration of fusion energy generation planned for 2030, and a demonstration fusion engineering pile by 2035 [11]. - The industry anticipates a transition to a clean energy era, where fossil fuels will primarily serve as chemical raw materials, and fusion energy will play a central role [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of comprehensive national scientific centers in driving China's technological innovation and achieving modernization goals, highlighting the significant contributions of these centers to original innovation capabilities and industrial transformation [1][3]. Group 1: Overview of Comprehensive National Scientific Centers - Comprehensive national scientific centers are established to embody national will and regional strategies, aiming to enhance original innovation capabilities and produce significant scientific achievements [3][5]. - The centers are designed to integrate high-level universities, research institutions, and high-tech enterprises, facilitating major technological infrastructure and interdisciplinary research [3][5]. Group 2: Achievements and Developments - The Hefei Comprehensive National Scientific Center has made notable advancements in fields such as information, energy, health, and environment, focusing on interdisciplinary and transformative technology research [5][11]. - In 2023, the Hefei center achieved a world record with the EAST device, completing a high-quality burn at 1 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds, marking a significant leap in fusion energy research [9][10]. Group 3: Role of Major Scientific Facilities - National laboratories and large scientific facilities are crucial components of comprehensive national scientific centers, serving as platforms for cutting-edge research and innovation [6][7]. - China has established around 10 national laboratories, with significant facilities located in Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, contributing to the country's strategic technological advancements [7][8]. Group 4: Future Prospects and Strategic Goals - The construction of comprehensive national scientific centers is aligned with China's 14th Five-Year Plan and aims to enhance the country's global competitiveness in technology [3][5]. - The centers are expected to foster a robust ecosystem for innovation, integrating basic research, technological breakthroughs, and industrial applications to drive economic growth [15].

Group 1: Space Tourism Development - The Yao Guang Rocket Viewing Platform in Hainan officially opened on May 20, 2023, and hosted around 800 visitors for the launch of the Long March 7 rocket [6][7] - The platform is located approximately 6 kilometers from the Wenchang Space Launch Site, enhancing the experience for visitors who can witness rocket launches up close [7] - The platform aims to expand its offerings by integrating space-themed educational programs and leisure activities, enhancing the overall visitor experience [7] Group 2: Mars Simulation Experience - The Mars 1 Base in Gansu features a landscape similar to Mars, providing immersive experiences for visitors, including simulated rocket launches and survival scenarios [9][10] - The base operates under a role-playing and task-driven model, allowing visitors to engage in over 60 tasks related to Mars exploration, enhancing their understanding of scientific concepts [10] - Future plans include developing unique tourism routes that combine technology and industry, leveraging local resources [10] Group 3: Scientific Education and Public Engagement - The Hefei Science Island, home to the EAST nuclear fusion experiment, offers educational tours for students, promoting scientific literacy and engagement with advanced research [11][12] - Hefei has developed a network of 270 science and technology tourism bases, creating over 110 educational routes to foster public interest in science [12] - The city aims to transform scientific resources into educational opportunities, enhancing the role of science in tourism [12]

Core Insights - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly empowering fusion research, aiming to reshape the ecosystem of nuclear fusion studies through deep collaboration among academia, industry, and policy [1][4] - Nuclear fusion, often referred to as the "artificial sun," simulates the energy release mechanism of the sun, requiring extreme conditions to fuse light atomic nuclei into heavier ones, thus providing a virtually limitless energy source [1][2] Group 1: Current Developments in Fusion Research - The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project involves resources from 35 countries globally, while China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) collaborates with ITER, creating an innovative network covering approximately 70 countries and over 150 research institutions [2] - China's "Circulation Three" project is set to open for international collaboration by the end of 2023, with the first round of joint experiments in 2024 attracting participation from 17 global institutions, research institutes, and universities [2] Group 2: AI's Role in Fusion Research - AI has demonstrated significant advantages in handling complex data related to nuclear fusion, enabling precise predictions and intelligent control, transforming plasma data analysis from "hours of modeling" to "milliseconds for solutions" [3] - The introduction of AI allows for 300 milliseconds of advance prediction, effectively preventing interruptions in fusion reactions due to plasma instability, a feat traditional commercial software cannot achieve [3] - AI models can integrate specialized knowledge, expert experience, and experimental records, potentially leading to the establishment of a cross-device database, fundamentally revolutionizing fusion research paradigms [3] Group 3: Future Implications - The deepening integration of AI and fusion research is expected to pave the way for an open-source ecosystem, breaking down data barriers and enhancing resource integration to lower research and development risks [3] - This collaboration will also reduce the marginal costs of knowledge integration, promoting cross-disciplinary cooperation and accelerating the fusion research process [3][4] - The combination of AI and nuclear fusion represents a pinnacle challenge in science and engineering, serving as a test of human collaborative intelligence [3][4]