谷神星今年冲日是在10月8日，位于鲸鱼座，最大亮度7.6等。"冲日前后几天，太阳落下以后，谷神星 就会从东方地平线上升起，直到第二天太阳升起后，它才从西边落下，因此整夜均可观测。"赖迪辉 说。 中国天文学会会员、天津市天文学会理事赖迪辉介绍，绝大多数小行星位于火星和木星轨道之间的小行 星带内。本次冲日的主角谷神星是人类发现的第一颗小行星。随着矮行星定义的公布，谷神星被归类为 矮行星，于是它就成为现在太阳系中最小的、也是唯一位于小行星带中的矮行星。 这张由美国国家航空航天局2014年1月22日提供的概念图显示的是谷神星位于火星和木星轨道间的小行 星带中。新华社/路透 谷神星的公转周期4.6年，会合周期467天，也就是大约1年又3个多月冲日一次。谷神星冲日是指谷神 星、地球与太阳呈近似一条直线，地球位于两者之间。此时，谷神星被太阳照亮的一面会完全朝向地 球，其亮度会达到最高值。 太阳系中最小的矮行星——谷神星将于10月8日冲日，迎来观测良机。天文科普专家表示，冲日前后几 天，感兴趣的公众借助小型天文望远镜或双筒望远镜，有望在秋季夜空中找到谷神星的身影。 这是2015年3月1日从"黎明"号小行星探测器上拍摄的谷神星 ...

10月6日将迎来中秋佳节，赏月是最重要的习俗之一。今年中秋是"十五的月亮十六圆"，最圆时刻为7日11时48分。值得一提的是，这轮中秋满月 的"个头"在本年度所有满月中排名第三，称得上是一轮"超级月亮"。 "由于最圆时刻发生在白天，感兴趣的公众可于6日晚或7日晚欣赏这轮中秋月。"中国天文学会会员、天津科技馆天文科普专家刘仲利说。 10月"星空剧场"收视指南新鲜出炉：中秋超大满月、谷神星冲日、木星伴月、金星伴月、猎户座流星雨极大、C/2025 A6（Lemmon）彗星过近地 点、水星东大距……你最钟意哪一个？ 2023年3月24日，在云南梅里雪山拍摄的金星伴月。（王晋 摄） 巧合的是，10月21日这天，C/2025 A6（Lemmon）彗星过近地点。"目前在北半球的晨空中可以找到它，位于天猫座中，但到了10月中旬，该彗 星就会出现在傍晚时的西北方低空，位于大熊座中。"刘仲利说。 10月30日，水星将迎来东大距。这是今年最后一次水星东大距，也是观测条件最差的一次，日落时水星的地平高度很低，几乎无法观测。要想在 傍晚再次看到水星的身影，只能等到明年了。 拥有"一号小行星"头衔的谷神星将于10月8日冲日，届时如果天气晴 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the upcoming conjunction of Saturn and Neptune on August 6, where the two planets will appear very close in the southeastern sky for public observation if the weather permits [1] - Saturn is noted for its beautiful and prominent rings, while Neptune is recognized as the farthest known planet from the Sun in the solar system and appears to be the darkest [1] - The phenomenon of "conjunction" refers to the alignment of two celestial bodies in the same celestial longitude as viewed from Earth, which is occurring again shortly after a previous conjunction on June 29 due to their synchronized movement in Pisces [1]

Core Points - Mercury will have its eastern elongation on July 4, 2023, providing good observation conditions for the public if the weather is clear [1][2] - Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and is difficult to observe due to its proximity to the Sun's glare [1] - The best time to observe Mercury is during its eastern elongation when it appears in the western sky after sunset [1] Observation Conditions - This year, Mercury will have three eastern elongations, occurring on March 8, July 4, and October 30, with the first two having favorable observation conditions [2] - On July 4, Mercury's altitude will be approximately 18 degrees at sunset, with a brightness of about 0.4 magnitude [2] - Observers are encouraged to look for Mercury a few days before and after July 4, as the altitude will be higher in the days leading up to the event [2]

Group 1 - The conjunction of Neptune and Saturn is a rare astronomical event, occurring after 36 years since their last close angular distance [1][2] - Neptune will be positioned approximately 1 degree north of Saturn, which is equivalent to the width of two full moons [2] - The brightness difference between Saturn (magnitude 0.9) and Neptune (magnitude 7.8) is significant, making Neptune difficult to observe without a small telescope [2][3] Group 2 - The best time for observation will be after midnight, looking towards the southeast sky [3] - Observers are encouraged to use small telescopes in areas with minimal light pollution for optimal viewing conditions [3] - The conjunction presents a unique opportunity for astronomy enthusiasts to capture rare photographs of both planets [3]

Group 1 - The event of Mercury accompanying the Moon on June 27 is highlighted as a noteworthy astronomical occurrence, with favorable observation conditions [1][2] - Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and is often difficult to observe due to its proximity to the Sun, only becoming visible during its greatest elongation, known as "greatest distance" [1][2] - This month, Mercury appears as an "evening star" after sunset, positioned in the northwest sky, while the crescent Moon will accompany it, creating a rare "star-moon dialogue" [2] Group 2 - The concept of "greatest distance" is explained, with distinctions made between eastern and western greatest distances, affecting visibility during dawn and dusk [2] - Observers are encouraged to use binoculars or small telescopes for better viewing of the Mercury-Moon conjunction, and astrophotographers are advised to capture this unique moment [2] - The nearby Beehive Cluster, a loose star cluster, can also be observed, although it may be challenging due to the remaining daylight [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the upcoming opposition of the asteroid Vesta on May 2, providing an excellent opportunity for observation and highlighting its significance in understanding the early solar system [1][2]. Summary by Sections Observation Opportunity - Vesta will be at its brightest with a magnitude of 5.6 during opposition, located at the boundary of the Libra and Virgo constellations [2]. - Observers can use binoculars or small telescopes to spot Vesta, which is faint and appears as a small point even through large telescopes due to its distance from Earth [2]. Significance of Observation - Observing Vesta allows the public to learn about this asteroid and small celestial bodies, while astronomers can study it to gain insights into the early materials and composition of the solar system, contributing to the understanding of its origin and evolution [2].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the upcoming opposition of the asteroid Vesta on May 2, providing an excellent opportunity for observation and highlighting its significance in understanding the early solar system [1][2]. Group 1: Observation Details - Vesta will reach its maximum brightness of magnitude 5.6 during the opposition, located at the boundary of the Libra and Virgo constellations [2]. - Observers can use binoculars or small telescopes to locate Vesta, and if the weather is not favorable on the day of opposition, nearby dates can also be considered for observation [1]. Group 2: Significance of Observation - For the general public, observing Vesta allows for a better understanding of asteroids and their characteristics [2]. - For astronomers, Vesta retains materials and components from the early solar system, making it a valuable subject for studying the origin and evolution of the solar system, as well as the formation of Earth and life [2].

Core Points - The asteroid Vesta will reach opposition on May 2, providing an opportunity for astronomy enthusiasts to observe it in the night sky [1][2] - Vesta, discovered on March 29, 1807, is the fourth asteroid identified and is located at the boundary of the Libra and Virgo constellations [1][2] - The maximum brightness of Vesta during opposition will be 5.6 magnitude, making it the brightest asteroid visible from Earth, although it remains faint due to its distance and small size [2] Industry Insights - Observing Vesta during opposition allows the public to learn about asteroids and their characteristics, enhancing general knowledge of celestial bodies [2] - For astronomers, studying Vesta provides insights into the early materials and composition of the solar system, contributing to understanding the origins and evolution of the solar system, Earth, and life [2]

Group 1 - The celestial events in May include the opposition of Ceres and Vesta, the close approach of Mars to the Beehive Cluster, the peak of the Eta Aquarids meteor shower, and the "disappearance" of Saturn's rings [1][2] - Ceres and Vesta, the fourth and third discovered asteroids respectively, will have their oppositions on May 2 and May 15, providing optimal viewing opportunities for the public with telescopes [1] - The Eta Aquarids meteor shower is expected to peak on May 6, with a zenithal hourly rate (ZHR) of around 50, and favorable viewing conditions due to the absence of moonlight [1] Group 2 - Mars will pass through the center of the Beehive Cluster (M44) from May 3 to 6, with the best viewing opportunities on the nights of May 4 and 5 [2] - Saturn's rings appeared to "disappear" on March 24 due to the angle of observation, but on May 7, the rings will be illuminated from the side, potentially appearing dimmer [2][3] - The "star and moon fairy tale" events include a crescent moon meeting Saturn and Neptune on May 23, and a meeting with bright Venus on May 24, followed by a meeting with Jupiter on May 28 [3]