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一粒“新麦”的超强攀登
He Nan Ri Bao· 2025-10-08 23:26
一粒金黄的小麦种子,静静躺在蒋志凯的掌心。 他微微抬起手臂,指腹摩挲着种子介绍它的特别之处——超强筋,面包、面条兼用的优质小麦品种,主要品 质指标优于进口小麦"加麦2号"与"美麦DNS"。 曾经的中国小麦育种界有个"硬伤":优质与高产无法兼得,没有进口的强筋小麦品种就做不出好面包。 瞄准优质强筋,创新育种方法。历时10余年,新乡市农业科学院小麦研究所所长蒋志凯与团队,成功选育出 兼具超强筋品质与高产稳产特性的小麦品种——新麦26,让"超强筋"的概念进入人们的视野。随后,"新麦超 级群"崛起,在农业科学研究的漫长跋涉中刻下印记。 新麦45示范田专家测产验收。均为新乡市农业科学院供图 为什么要"强" 勇闯"无人小径",不能依赖进口 蒋志凯与强筋小麦结缘很早。 1990年的夏天蝉鸣阵阵,从西北农业大学作物专业毕业,蒋志凯回到家乡,进入新乡农科所(后更名为新乡 市农业科学院)小麦课题组工作。彼时,课题组已经将育种方向往优质强筋靠拢。 为何偏偏盯紧优质强筋?当时,随着人民生活水平的提高和消费观念的转变,食品开始多样化和优质化,使 得对蛋白质含量高、面筋强度大、延展性和弹性好的强筋小麦的需求急剧增加。 然而,国内大型面粉 ...
中原粮仓怎样更稳
He Nan Ri Bao· 2025-10-08 23:26
中原熟,天下足。粮食生产是河南的一张王牌,不仅成功保障本省粮食供应,每年还向全国、向共 建"一带一路"国家和东盟等地区提供丰富优质的农产品。 改变始于针对性改造。2021年起,当地聚焦砂姜黑土短板,一边推进土壤改良,一边搭建智慧农业系统 实现水肥精准调控;今年,老王坡10万亩中低产田全部变为"丰产田",这样的升级在河南多地同步推 进。 良田既要建得好,更要管得久。河南创新"投融建运管"五位一体模式,政府统筹资金、引入社会资本、 专业团队管护,破解"重建轻管"难题。今年夏粮生产,全省依托高标准农田完成1.14亿亩次抗旱浇灌, 实现750.01亿斤总产;秋作物抗旱浇灌达1.24亿亩次,为全年生产夯实底气。 科技赋能:破解增产关键点 "前两年倒春寒突袭,周边麦田叶片冻紫,我种的新麦58却依旧翠绿。"卫辉市麦农薛张勇说,当年他家 200亩小麦亩产达1100斤,比普通品种多收100斤。 新麦58的抗逆表现,源于河南种业创新积淀。我省已建成50万份库容的农作物种质资源保护利用中心, 新收集种质资源7565份,筑牢品种选育基因库;还培育良种繁育基地31个,小麦供种能力占全国2/5, 形成"育供"完整链条,全国推广面积前十位 ...
中原粮仓的“芯”动能——“打赢这一战 底气从何来”系列观察之四
He Nan Ri Bao· 2025-05-28 22:40
Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of seed innovation and agricultural modernization in Henan province, highlighting the development of drought-resistant and high-yield wheat varieties to ensure food security and enhance agricultural productivity [3][4][14]. Group 1: Seed Innovation and Agricultural Development - The seed industry is crucial for agricultural prosperity, with Henan's seed breeding efforts aligning with market demands, leading to a national leadership in new variety development [3][6]. - The "Luoan" series of drought-resistant wheat varieties have shown significant yield potential, with average yields exceeding 500 kg per mu in drought-prone areas [4][14]. - The "Zhengmai 1860" variety has been recognized for its high yield and stability, maintaining production levels even with a 20% reduction in fertilizer use, thus supporting green agricultural practices [5][6]. Group 2: Modern Breeding Techniques - The National Biological Breeding Industry Innovation Center is implementing advanced breeding technologies, including smart greenhouses that accelerate the breeding process by simulating optimal growth conditions [10][12]. - AI-driven technologies are being utilized to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of phenotypic data collection, allowing for better selection of breeding materials [11][12]. - The province has initiated a collaborative model for seed innovation, involving multiple enterprises and research teams to expedite the application of scientific advancements in agriculture [13][14]. Group 3: Impact on Food Security - Henan's crop variety coverage exceeds 97%, contributing over 45% to grain yield increases, underscoring the province's commitment to food security through seed innovation [14]. - The article highlights the strategic importance of maintaining control over key crop varieties to ensure sustainable agricultural development and food safety in China [14].