Core Viewpoint - The protection of plant varieties is essential for encouraging breeding innovation, safeguarding breeders' economic interests, and ensuring national food security through the development of the seed industry [1][2]. Group 1: Legislative and Policy Framework - Recent measures have been implemented to enhance the protection of plant varieties, including the revision of the Plant Variety Protection Regulations, which expands the scope of protection and improves the compensation system for infringement [1]. - The establishment of a modern seed industry innovation system is emphasized, with a focus on legal and regulatory improvements, enforcement, and the creation of platforms for variety evaluation and display [1]. Group 2: Innovation and Industry Development - The innovation in the seed industry is crucial for agricultural development, with a call for increased support for innovation through financial incentives, tax benefits, and fostering partnerships between enterprises and research institutions [2]. - The achievements in breeding innovation have led to the emergence of high-yield, quality, and resilient crop varieties, significantly contributing to national food security [1]. Group 3: Technological Support and Enforcement - The importance of digitalization in enhancing the protection of plant varieties is highlighted, with a focus on developing identification technologies and creating a DNA fingerprint database for plant varieties [3]. - A robust enforcement mechanism is necessary to combat infringement in seed trading and e-commerce, with a call for joint enforcement efforts among various governmental departments [3].

Core Viewpoint - Intellectual property (IP) is essential in daily life, influencing various aspects such as clothing and beverages, highlighting its pervasive presence in society [2]. Group 1: Definition and Types of Intellectual Property - Intellectual property refers to the exclusive rights that individuals or organizations have over their intellectual achievements, including works, inventions, trademarks, geographical indications, trade secrets, integrated circuit layout designs, new plant varieties, and other legally defined objects [3]. - The main types of intellectual property include patent rights, trademark rights, geographical indications, data intellectual property, copyright, new plant varieties, integrated circuit layout designs, and trade secrets [4]. Group 2: Protection Duration of Intellectual Property - Patent rights have varying protection durations: invention patents for 20 years, utility model patents for 10 years, and design patents for 15 years, all calculated from the application date [5]. - Trademark rights are protected for 10 years from the date of approval [5]. - The protection duration for geographical indications depends on the registration form, typically lasting 10 years with the possibility of renewal [5]. - Data intellectual property protection duration varies based on data type and legal regulations, with copyright lasting for the author's lifetime plus 50 years, while trade secrets depend on their confidentiality and value [6]. Group 3: Infringement of Intellectual Property - Infringement actions include unauthorized use of similar trademarks, special signs, patents, and other creative works in production, advertising, and other activities [8]. - Other infringement behaviors involve counterfeiting trademarks, unauthorized registration of similar trademarks, and providing facilities for infringement activities [8]. Group 4: Intellectual Property Pledge Financing - Intellectual property pledge financing allows enterprises to use legally owned patents, trademarks, and copyrights as collateral to obtain loans from banks, addressing funding challenges for technology-based SMEs lacking real estate guarantees [9]. - Eligible for this financing are valid patents and trademarks granted by the National Intellectual Property Office and copyright registration certificates from the National Copyright Administration [9].

Core Insights - Hainan Province is advancing its intellectual property (IP) initiatives, aiming for an invention patent ownership of 10.1 per 10,000 people by February 2025, exceeding the "14th Five-Year Plan" target ahead of schedule [1] Group 1: Policy and Structural Changes - The provincial IP bureau has been upgraded to a directly subordinate agency of the provincial government, addressing the challenges of limited resources in IP work [1] - New local regulations, such as the "Hainan Free Trade Port Intellectual Property Protection Regulations," are being developed to align with international standards [1] - A pilot IP special zone is being established in Sanya's Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, integrating various IP management systems [1] Group 2: Enforcement and Protection - Hainan has established national-level IP protection centers focused on marine and modern agriculture industries in Sanya, and on equipment manufacturing and biomedicine in Haikou [2] - From 2021 to 2024, Hainan has handled 2,434 cases related to trademarks and patents, with fines totaling 12.301 million yuan [2] - The province has also concluded 168 copyright enforcement cases, collecting nearly 900,000 yuan in fines [2] Group 3: IP Creation and Utilization - Hainan is promoting the establishment of an international IP trading center and a copyright protection center to enhance IP creation and utilization [2] - Between 2021 and 2024, the province granted 50,855 patents and recorded a total of 12.667 billion yuan in trademark and patent pledge registrations [2] - Hainan currently has 15 geographical indication protected products, 112 geographical indication trademarks, and 434 entities using special marks, with 40 products generating over 100 million yuan in annual output [2]