初创：条件简陋，仓储效率有限 吴子丹是原国家粮食局副局长，在粮食领域工作了一辈子，了解并见证了我国粮仓的一路变迁。他介 绍，早期的粮仓多是简陋的土木结构仓房，有些还是由祠堂、庙宇、民房改建而成，每仓容量仅3万至6 万公斤。这种粮仓仅靠自然通风和简单的防虫措施保管粮食，条件差、损耗大、管理不便。而且，还有 大量粮食储存在露天席茓囤（用席子和茓子围成的传统圆形储粮工具）中，虫害、鼠害更严重，粮食损 失巨大。 图①：钢筋席茓囤。 图②：位于四川成都的中储粮气膜仓。 以上图片均为国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院提供 数据来源：国家粮食和物资储备局等 核心阅读 夏粮丰收，来自沃野田畴的粮食，"住"进了新型粮仓。 从土木粮仓到智慧绿色粮仓，从靠天储粮到智能管粮，从吃得饱到吃得好、吃得健康，几十年间的粮仓 变迁史，也是一部粮食安全的升级史。记者采访专家、实地探访，探究我国粮仓的变迁之路。 我国作为农业大国，解决好14亿多人的吃饭问题，始终是治国理政的头等大事。而粮食仓储设施水平， 直接影响着粮食收储能力和粮食储存安全，是实现粮食安全的重要保障。目前，全国粮食标准仓房完好 仓容超7亿吨，实现低温准低温储粮仓容超2亿吨，应用气调 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses advanced technologies used in grain storage facilities in China, highlighting innovations that enhance food safety and storage efficiency. Group 1: Grain Storage Innovations - The new shallow round silos in Henan can store 9,800 tons of wheat each, occupying only 1/4 of the area of traditional flat warehouses, allowing one person to manage 3 to 4 silos remotely through an automated control system [1] - The working tower associated with the shallow round silos has a design capacity of 200 tons per hour, enabling the storage of 10,000 tons of grain in just three to four days [2] - The gas membrane silos in Hunan, designed to hold 9,000 tons, utilize a three-layer structure to maintain high airtightness, significantly improving grain preservation in humid southern climates [3] Group 2: Historical Context and Evolution - The article traces the evolution of grain storage from the ancient Li Yang granary, which could store over 30 million jin (approximately 15,000 tons) of grain, to modern automated systems [5] - The historical Li Yang granary, established in 583 AD, served as a crucial national granary and transit point, showcasing the long-standing importance of grain storage in Chinese history [5] - The transition from traditional earth round granaries to semi-automated and modern flat warehouses reflects advancements in grain storage technology over the decades [6][8] Group 3: Structural Comparisons - The article compares cylindrical silos and flat warehouses, noting that cylindrical structures distribute internal pressure evenly, while flat warehouses offer easier maintenance and operational flexibility [10] - Cylindrical silos, such as shallow round and upright silos, are more stable under pressure, while flat warehouses, like the newly built residential-style warehouses, provide better adaptability for different grain types [10]

Core Insights - The article highlights the advancements in grain storage technology in Henan province, emphasizing the importance of efficient grain collection and preservation methods to ensure food security in China [2][9][24]. Group 1: Grain Collection and Processing - Henan province accounts for one-fourth of the national summer grain production, consistently exceeding 750 billion jin (approximately 375 million tons) annually [2]. - Due to weather conditions, wheat procurement in Henan has started about 10 days earlier than usual, with 548.1 million tons of new wheat purchased as of June 24 [4]. - The use of a WeChat mini-program for grain sales has significantly reduced the time required for farmers to sell their grain [2]. Group 2: Storage Technology Innovations - Modern grain storage facilities in Henan, such as the new circular silos, can hold 9,800 tons of wheat while occupying only one-fourth the area of traditional flat warehouses [9]. - Automated control systems allow for real-time monitoring of grain conditions, enhancing management efficiency [9]. - The design capacity of the grain storage system is 200 tons per hour, allowing for rapid entry and exit of grain [11]. Group 3: Advanced Storage Solutions - The article discusses the construction of gas membrane grain warehouses in Hunan, which are designed to maintain optimal storage conditions and prevent spoilage due to high humidity [15][17]. - The gas membrane warehouses have a height of 26.6 meters and a diameter of 24 meters, providing a significant storage capacity while ensuring a controlled environment [15]. - The use of nitrogen gas technology in these warehouses enhances their airtightness, prolonging the freshness of stored grain [19]. Group 4: Historical Context of Grain Storage - The article contrasts modern storage methods with historical grain storage practices, such as the ancient Li Yang granaries, which were capable of storing over 30 million jin (approximately 15,000 tons) of grain [26]. - The evolution from traditional storage methods to modern automated systems reflects advancements in technology and the growing importance of food security [24][30]. Group 5: Comparative Analysis of Storage Structures - The article compares cylindrical silos and building-style warehouses, noting that cylindrical structures distribute internal pressure evenly, while building-style warehouses offer easier maintenance and lower construction costs [37]. - The choice of storage structure is influenced by factors such as safety, investment costs, and operational efficiency [39].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the advancements in grain storage technology in China, showcasing various modern storage facilities that utilize automation and innovative materials to enhance grain safety and efficiency. Group 1: Modern Grain Storage Technologies - The new shallow round silos in Zhengzhou can store 9,800 tons of wheat each, occupying only a quarter of the space of traditional flat warehouses, allowing one person to manage multiple silos remotely through an automated control system [3][6] - The work tower associated with the shallow round silos has a processing capacity of 200 tons per hour, enabling the storage of 10,000 tons of grain in just three to four days [6] - The gas membrane silos under construction in Changsha can hold 9,000 tons of grain and are designed to maintain optimal storage conditions, significantly improving grain preservation in humid southern climates [7][9] Group 2: Historical Context of Grain Storage - The article references the historical significance of the Liyang granary, established in 583 AD, which could store over 30 million jin (approximately 15 million kg) of grain, sufficient for 80,000 people for a year [13] - The evolution of grain storage from traditional earth round granaries to modern flat warehouses illustrates the advancements in technology and efficiency in grain management [17][19] Group 3: Comparison of Storage Structures - The article compares cylindrical silos (shallow round and upright) with flat warehouses, noting that cylindrical structures distribute internal pressure evenly, making them more stable [21] - Flat warehouses, while easier to construct and maintain, offer more organized internal space for grain management, making them suitable for different grain types [23]

Core Viewpoint - The development of modern grain storage facilities in China is significantly influenced by technological advancements, aiming to enhance grain storage capacity, safety, and quality to meet consumer demands and ensure national food security [1][4]. Group 1: Technological Innovations in Grain Storage - The National Grain and Material Reserve Bureau has introduced innovative technologies such as smart green storage systems, pest monitoring, and intelligent sampling systems to support modern grain storage [1][2]. - New types of grain storage facilities, such as the 9000-ton membrane silos, are being constructed, showcasing improved insulation, airtightness, and water resistance, marking a new phase in modern grain storage [2][3]. - The integration of IoT, big data, and AI in grain management is transforming traditional practices into smart storage solutions, enhancing monitoring and operational efficiency [7][8]. Group 2: Green and Intelligent Storage Practices - The grain storage industry is undergoing a "green revolution," focusing on quality and safety through low-temperature storage, nitrogen gas treatment, and biological pest control methods [4][5]. - The establishment of 100 green storage technology demonstration sites across seven ecological zones aims to promote the application of advanced storage technologies [6]. - Intelligent monitoring systems and automated processes are being implemented to ensure real-time oversight and improve the efficiency of grain storage operations [9][10]. Group 3: Industry Impact and Future Outlook - The modernization of grain storage facilities is crucial for maintaining food security in China, with over 7 billion tons of standard storage capacity currently available [2][3]. - The shift towards intelligent and automated grain storage solutions is expected to enhance safety, efficiency, and overall management of grain resources in the future [10].