构建信息透明、共享共赢的电力零售市场新生态 清华大学电机系 夏清 郭鸿业 北京清能互联科技有限公司战略咨询部 陈雨果 费云志 新一轮电力体制改革启动以来，我国售电侧市场建设成效卓著，已初步构建成规模位居全球前列、市场 主体多元包容、运行机制持续完善的电力零售市场体系。然而，在高比例新能源加速并网、电力现货市 场建设步入深水区的双重背景下，当前以"电量批零价差"为核心逻辑的零售市场商业模式，已逐渐难以 适配能源转型与市场深化的新形势、新要求。一方面，批零价差主导的盈利模式，天然使得用户与售电 公司陷入"零和博弈"困局，部分售电公司、居间商借助信息不对称优势谋取短期利益，不仅损害了用户 合法权益，也扰乱了市场公平秩序，倒逼地方政府不得不介入干预——部分省区已出台 "一刀切" 式的 计划手段对售电公司收益进行直接限制，这既违背了市场配置资源的核心原则，也制约了售电侧市场的 活力释放；另一方面，现行以计划方式核定的峰平谷电价机制，价格信号的时效性与精准度不足，难以 有效激励负荷侧开展精准实时互动，无法充分激活全社会量大面广的灵活性调节资源，这与新能源大规 模消纳、电力系统安全稳定运行的现实需求形成突出矛盾。在此背景下 ...

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a national unified rule system is expected to break down cross-regional operational barriers for electricity sales companies, stimulate product innovation, and build social trust in the industry [2]. Group 1: Cost and Compliance Reduction - The "1+6" foundational rule system significantly reduces the costs and compliance risks for electricity sales companies participating in market transactions across different regions, while enhancing market transparency and operational efficiency [3]. - Prior to the implementation of unified registration rules, companies faced significant administrative burdens and regional barriers, but now they can register in any trading center and share resources across provinces, effectively lowering market entry costs [3]. Group 2: Information Disclosure Improvement - The unified rules address previous issues related to inconsistent information disclosure standards, ensuring fair, timely access to critical decision-making information, which optimizes operational decisions and enhances service quality for electricity users [4]. Group 3: Product and Service Flexibility - The comprehensive rule system allows electricity sales companies to design more flexible and integrated electricity products and service solutions by standardizing wholesale transactions between generation and sales sides, thus focusing on user needs rather than regional rule complexities [5]. - This enables companies to innovate by integrating distributed solar power, user-side energy storage, and charging stations into competitive energy solutions, enhancing service depth and flexibility [5]. Group 4: Building Public Trust - Adhering to rules and maintaining integrity in operations is fundamental for electricity sales companies to survive and thrive, as well as to gain user trust [6]. - Companies can enhance public trust by strengthening compliance, improving professional capabilities in areas like electricity trading and risk management, and optimizing user experience through competitive service offerings [7]. - The establishment of credit evaluation systems for electricity sales companies and improved market information disclosure mechanisms contribute to building user confidence in selecting service providers, promoting fairness and transparency in the electricity market [7].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a nationwide unified rule system for the electricity market in China is expected to break down regional barriers for electricity sales companies, stimulate product innovation, and build social trust in the industry [1] Group 1: Impact on Electricity Sales Companies - The "1+6" rule framework significantly reduces transaction costs and compliance risks for electricity sales companies participating in cross-regional electricity market transactions, while enhancing market transparency and operational efficiency [2] - Prior to the implementation of unified registration rules, electricity sales companies faced significant administrative burdens and costs due to varying provincial regulations, which included preparing different registration materials for each province [2] - The new unified registration allows market participants to register at any trading center and expand their business scope across provinces, effectively lowering market entry costs and administrative burdens [2] Group 2: Information Disclosure and Market Dynamics - The previous lack of uniformity in information disclosure standards hindered timely access to critical decision-making information for market participants; the new rules address these issues, ensuring fair, just, and open market operations [3] - The unified rules enable companies to better grasp market dynamics, optimize operational decisions, and focus resources on enhancing technical capabilities and service quality for electricity users [3] Group 3: Product and Service Innovation - The comprehensive rule system facilitates the standardization and normalization of wholesale transactions between generation and sales sides, reducing complexity in designing electricity retail packages and integrated energy service solutions [4] - With unified rules, companies can focus on user needs rather than regional regulatory constraints, allowing for tailored retail packages and innovative solutions that integrate distributed solar power, user-side storage, and charging stations [4] Group 4: Building Public Trust - Adhering to rules and maintaining integrity in operations are fundamental for electricity sales companies to survive and thrive, as well as to gain user trust [5] - Companies can enhance public trust by strictly following national market rules, ensuring transparency in all business activities, and improving professional capabilities in areas such as electricity trading and risk management [5] - The establishment of credit evaluation systems for electricity sales companies in various provinces, along with improved market information disclosure mechanisms, provides users with reliable channels to assess service providers, thereby boosting confidence in the electricity market [6]