Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the development of the "under-forest economy" in Guangdong, highlighting its significance in promoting employment, improving livelihoods, and increasing income in mountainous and forested areas. The government is actively supporting this initiative through policies and reforms aimed at enhancing forest quality and optimizing land use [2][4][10]. Group 1: Policy Support - The central government has prioritized the development of the under-forest economy, as indicated in key documents such as last year's Central No. 1 Document and this year's government work report [3][4]. - Guangdong has a substantial forest area, covering over 1.62 billion acres, with a forest stock volume of 578 million cubic meters, which is approximately double the national average [5][6]. - The province has established a solid foundation for the under-forest economy due to its rich ecological resources and ongoing reforms in collective forest rights [8][9]. Group 2: Economic Achievements - As of 2024, the operating area of the under-forest economy in Guangdong has reached 32.41 million acres, generating a total output value of 52.71 billion yuan [23][24]. - The province has created various demonstration bases and industrial parks, including one national forestry industry demonstration park and 30 provincial-level bases [24][25]. - The development of the under-forest economy has been supported by a series of policies since 2012, focusing on various models such as "forest medicine," "forest fruits," and "forest poultry" [28][30][32]. Group 3: Reform Initiatives - The collective forest rights reform has been crucial in activating the under-forest economy, allowing for more flexible land use and management [38][45]. - The implementation of the "three rights separation" policy aims to innovate forest management and improve land transfer regulations [50][51]. - The active transfer of collective forest land has been increasing, providing opportunities for local communities to engage in profitable agricultural practices [53][54]. Group 4: Diversification of Under-Forest Economy - The under-forest economy in Guangdong has diversified, with various models emerging, including the cultivation of edible fungi and medicinal herbs [64][66][70]. - Local initiatives have been established to integrate different industries, such as "forest + health care" and "forest + agriculture," to enhance economic resilience [68][72]. - The province is leveraging its ecological resources to develop a multi-faceted under-forest economy, including tourism and deep processing of forest products [75][76]. Group 5: Brand Development - The lack of large leading enterprises has hindered the formation of influential brands in the under-forest economy, making it difficult to achieve premium pricing for high-quality products [90][91]. - The Guangdong Forestry Bureau is focusing on brand building and has initiated various promotional activities to enhance the visibility of local products [93][94][100]. - The establishment of a product traceability system and a trading platform aims to elevate the economic value of forest products and promote sustainable development [105][106].