（来源：国家文物局） 转自：国家文物局 正月初二至初七 央视新闻联合多家博物馆推出 《文博日历》"博物馆里过大年"系列活动 今天是大年初四 按照传统习俗要迎灶神 家家户户宜开火起灶 谁家厨房的烟火气更旺 三个看点带你围观 热热闹闹的"唐代厨房" 一旦火力不够 灶台下方的"烧火二人组"马上吹火助燃 咕嘟咕嘟没过几分钟 锅里饭菜的香味就"噌"地一下冒出来了 那个吹火的背影 像极了记忆中的年 你还记得小时候 在老家过年做饭的情景吗？ 小孩们争着抢着蹲在灶膛口守火 一旦观察到火苗不旺了 便迫不及待拿起吹火筒 鼓着腮帮子朝半明半暗的火星猛吹一气 经常被弄得一鼻子灰还咧嘴笑 …… 没想到这一幕年味记忆 被古人记录了下来 千年前的唐代厨房里 正上演着浓浓的人间烟火气 这套分工明确、配合默契的"后厨流水线" 是不是看一眼就觉得很熟悉 站在灶台前的人显然是大厨 这能力一看便知 一边盯着两口大锅一边在锅旁忙活 同时还能监督火候的大小 有人做饭也有人收拾 洗刷台上的碗盆不少 看样子且得洗一会儿呢 烹饪、吹火、观火、洗碗、刷桶 这五个陶俑把1000多年前的 "唐代开放式厨房"搬到了我们面前 也把我们拉回到了那个蹲在灶膛口 小脸被火烤 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the significance of the solar term "Great Heat," which is the twelfth of the 24 solar terms and marks the peak of summer heat in China, starting on July 22, 2025 [2] - It highlights the historical context of summer clothing, emphasizing the use of lightweight and breathable fabrics such as silk and hemp, which were essential for comfort during hot weather in ancient China [2] - The article mentions the evolution of summer clothing from the Han dynasty to the Song dynasty, showcasing advancements in textile techniques and the continued popularity of natural fibers [2] Group 2 - The article describes ancient cooling methods, including the creation of ice-based desserts like "Su Shan," which dates back to the Tang dynasty, and the popularity of cold drinks in the Song dynasty [3] - It explains the historical methods of ice collection and storage, noting that ice was a precious commodity in ancient times, often sourced from rivers in winter and stored for summer use [3] - The article also details the emergence of ice merchants during the Tang dynasty, who sold ice to the public, indicating a growing demand for cooling products [3] Group 3 - The article outlines architectural designs in ancient homes aimed at cooling, such as the orientation of buildings to maximize airflow and the use of courtyards and water features to lower indoor temperatures [4] - It mentions the luxurious cooling spaces like "Cool Palaces" that were reserved for the elite, while common households relied on various cooling tools like fans and bamboo mats [5] - The article concludes with a reference to leisure activities in nature as a means of escaping the summer heat, highlighting the cultural practices of ancient people [5]

Group 1 - The article discusses the historical evolution of ice cream from a luxury item to a widely consumed product, highlighting its significance in modern culture and society [4][18][30] - Ice cream production technology has advanced significantly, with modern factories maintaining temperatures as low as -40°C to ensure product quality [6][12] - The article emphasizes the role of air in ice cream's texture, with a typical aeration rate of 25%-50%, which contributes to its creamy mouthfeel [12][14] Group 2 - The origins of ice cream can be traced back to ancient civilizations, with various cultures developing their own methods of ice and cream production [10][12] - The first documented ice cream recipe appeared in 17th century Italy, leading to its popularity among European nobility [14][16] - The industrialization of ice cream production began in the 1920s in the United States, making it accessible to the general public [18][28] Group 3 - Ice cream consumption in the United States has remained exceptionally high, with Americans consuming approximately 3 billion tons of ice cream annually during the Great Depression [28] - The introduction of the ice cream cone at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair marked a significant innovation in how ice cream was served and consumed [24][25] - Ice cream has become a staple in American culture, with historical figures like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson being known for their love of the dessert [20][23]