Group 1: Contributions of Intellectuals and Scientists - A significant number of intellectuals and scientists dedicated themselves to the war effort during the Anti-Japanese War, contributing to military and civilian needs through scientific innovation [1][2][3] - Notable figures include Wu Yunduo, who led the development of various munitions despite severe personal injuries, and other experts who innovated in metallurgy and communication technology [2][3] - The efforts of these individuals not only supported military operations but also ensured the survival and resilience of the nation during a time of crisis [1][2] Group 2: Medical Contributions - Medical scientists played a crucial role in providing healthcare amidst the war, establishing a robust medical support system that trained over 15,000 healthcare workers and performed over 200,000 surgeries [5][6][7] - Lin Kesheng and Tang Feifan are highlighted for their significant contributions to medical care and the development of domestic penicillin, which was vital for treating wounded soldiers [5][6][7] - The medical community's efforts were instrumental in preserving life and maintaining the fighting capacity of the military [4][5] Group 3: Educational and Scientific Continuity - The war prompted universities like Zhejiang University to relocate and continue their educational missions, resulting in significant scientific advancements despite challenging conditions [8][9][10] - Faculty and students engaged in research and education in makeshift settings, leading to important discoveries in various scientific fields [9][10] - The legacy of these efforts continues to influence modern scientific research and education, demonstrating the enduring impact of wartime scholarship [11]

Group 1 - The article highlights the significant contributions of Chinese intellectuals and scientists during the War of Resistance against Japan, emphasizing their role as the "backbone" of the nation in times of crisis [2][3][4] - Notable figures such as Wu Yunduo, Mao Yisheng, and Tang Feifan are mentioned for their dedication to scientific innovation and military support, showcasing their commitment to national defense [3][4][10] - The article illustrates the transformation of various professionals, including metallurgists and radio experts, who adapted their skills to meet wartime needs, leading to advancements in military technology and communication [3][4][6] Group 2 - Medical professionals, including Lin Kesheng and Tang Feifan, played a crucial role in establishing medical support systems during the war, significantly reducing casualties through their efforts [6][7][10] - The Chinese Red Cross Society's rescue teams conducted over 200,000 surgeries and provided medical care to millions, demonstrating the impact of organized medical efforts in wartime [7][10] - The article emphasizes the importance of scientific research and education during the war, with institutions like Zhejiang University continuing to produce significant academic contributions despite the challenges of displacement [11][12][13] Group 3 - The narrative underscores the resilience of scientists and educators who maintained their research and teaching missions, contributing to the preservation of scientific knowledge during the war [11][12][13] - The article concludes with a reflection on the enduring legacy of these contributions, portraying them as a source of inspiration for future generations and a testament to the spirit of perseverance [14]