人民网布鲁塞尔11月25日电 （记者牛瑞飞）24日，一场跨越山海的美食文化交流活动在比利时列日市精彩亮 相。作为中国唯一申报2025年联合国教科文组织"创意城市网络·世界美食之都"的城市，泉州携千年饮食文明与现 代美食产业走进欧洲，由泉州市申创世界美食之都办公室指导、比利时国际中餐业联合会与泉州市美食产业促进 会共同主办的"世遗泉州·味连五洲——泉州美食欧洲行"活动在比利时正式启动。中比政商界人士七十余人出席仪 式，共同见证中欧美食文化交流的新篇章。 泉州是"海上丝绸之路"重要门户，也是多元文明交汇之地。千百年来，中原文化、海洋文化与侨文化在此交 融沉淀，形成了清鲜雅韵、技艺精妙的泉州菜系，并推动闽菜在中国饮食版图中占据重要地位。近年来，依托世 界遗产"宋元中国·海丝泉州"，泉州不断推动美食文化走出去，积极与世界不同文明开展交流互鉴。 活动在列日市枫林中餐厅举行。典雅的环境、精心呈现的泉州传统小吃与非遗技艺、富有海丝文化特色的宴 席，令到场嘉宾沉浸式品味泉州味道。中比两国餐饮界人士现场交流技艺，气氛热烈。 泉州市美食产业促进会副会长陈日星在致辞中表示，今年恰逢福建省与比利时列日省缔结友好省际关系39周 年，泉 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the historical evolution of Chinese commercial networks and the emergence of various merchant groups, tracing their roots back to the "Kaizhong Law" which established a national trade network [1][2][4] - It highlights the transformation of the Chinese economy from a feudal system to a more market-oriented one, emphasizing the role of merchant groups like Jin merchants, Hui merchants, and Zhejiang merchants in this process [5][6][17] Group 1: Historical Context - The "Kaizhong Law" initiated a national trade network that allowed merchants from regions like Shanxi and Shaanxi to thrive by facilitating efficient capital accumulation through grain and salt trade [4][7] - The Ming Dynasty's policies, particularly under Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, aimed to suppress commerce but inadvertently laid the groundwork for a commercial revival in the Ming and Qing dynasties [2][5] Group 2: Merchant Groups and Their Evolution - The rise of merchant groups such as Jin merchants was facilitated by their proximity to key resources like salt and grain, allowing for rapid capital turnover and accumulation [4][6] - The article details how these merchant groups evolved from "border merchants" to "internal merchants," focusing on local trade and capital efficiency [6][12] Group 3: Economic Structures and Market Control - The Ming government implemented systems like "talao" (official inns) and "guanya" (official trading intermediaries) to control the market and ensure that trade networks served state interests [8][9][10] - The decline of state-controlled trading systems led to the rise of private "Xie Jia" (rest stops) that provided integrated services for merchants, enhancing trade efficiency and reducing transaction costs [13][14][15] Group 4: Impact on Modern Economy - The article concludes that the development of a unified domestic market in the Ming Dynasty was a significant achievement, yet questions why this did not evolve into modern capitalism as seen in the West [17][18]