【文/观察者网专栏作者 张仲麟】 5月28日，《纽约时报》爆料称特朗普政府暂停了允许美国公司向商飞出售产品和技术的许可证，实质 上限制了美国企业向商飞出售包括航空发动机在内的一系列产品与技术。 这意味着由美国通用电气与法国赛峰合资成立的CFM国际很可能无法继续向中国出口leap1C发动机，而 这是中国大飞机C919当前使用的发动机。 在中美刚刚就关税战在日内瓦达成共识并同步降温的当下，特朗普政府这一举动无疑是在重新点燃贸易 战的战火。根据纽约时报的消息，特朗普政府本轮对航空领域的限制是对中国限制稀土矿产出口的报 复，然而我们都知道稀土出口管制是针对美国半导体限制的反制措施。如今特朗普政府针对中国稀土出 口管制进行航空禁售，无疑是在挑起新的事端。 纽约时报爆料，美国政府将针对中国稀土出口管制进行航空禁售 这样的场景每时每刻都在上演 对特朗普政府来说，想要卡C919的脖子早就不是一天两天的计划了。早在2019年底，特朗普第一个总 统任期的末尾，美国媒体就爆料称特朗普计划对C919采取发动机禁售。在媒体爆料禁售计划后一个月 左右，白宫出面否认，将这一传闻画上句号。对比5年前的情况，只能说：此时此刻恰如彼时彼刻。 出 ...

Core Viewpoint - The trade conflict between the US and China has intensified, with the US suspending export licenses for aviation products and technology to COMAC, aiming to pressure China to relax its export controls on rare earth elements [1] Group 1: Rare Earth Elements and Supply Chain Dynamics - The US's reliance on China for rare earth elements has become evident, especially after China imposed export controls on seven categories of medium and heavy rare earths, directly impacting the US military and aerospace industries [1][2] - China currently holds 90% of the global rare earth refining capacity and 85% of the permanent magnet manufacturing share, creating a complete industrial chain from mining to high-end applications [2][3] - The US's Mountain Pass mine has resumed operations but produces only 20,000 tons annually, with two-thirds of the ore still needing to be refined in China, highlighting the structural advantages China holds in this sector [1][2] Group 2: Aviation Industry and Technological Competition - The US's primary target is China's C919 aircraft, which competes with Boeing 737 and Airbus A320, having delivered 16 units and received over 1,000 orders since its commercial debut in 2023 [1][7] - The C919's reliance on the LEAP engine from CFM International exposes China's technological shortcomings, but US restrictions are accelerating China's development of domestic alternatives like the Changjiang 1000 engine [7] - China has established a complete strength verification system for its domestic engines, clearing technical hurdles for certification, paralleling the trajectory of Huawei's Kirin chip advancements [7] Group 3: Global Supply Chain Restructuring - The duopoly of Boeing and Airbus is being challenged, with over 8,000 backlogged orders prompting airlines to seek alternatives, including the C919, which could offer a 10% price advantage [9] - The US underestimated the reverse effects of its technology embargo, as limited rare earth exports from China are insufficient for the development of the sixth-generation fighter jets [9] - China plans to increase C919's annual production capacity to 200 units, countering the impact of US technology bans [9] Group 4: Strategic Implications and Challenges - The "rare earth for technology" negotiation reflects a deeper struggle for global supply chain dominance, with China learning from past mistakes of low-priced exports followed by high-priced imports [10] - Despite advancements, China still faces challenges in material technology and certification standards, needing to overcome generational gaps to gain global market acceptance for its engines [10] - Building confidence in technology beyond the International Civil Aviation Organization's certification system is crucial for China's aviation industry [10]