The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the Securities and Futures Commission take no responsibility for the contents of this Application Proof, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this Application Proof. Application Proof of ROKAE (SHANDONG) ROBOTICS GROUP INC. 珞石(山東)機器人集團股份有限公司 (A joint stock company incorporated in the People's Republic ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The report focuses on the **robotics industry**, specifically **industrial robotics** and **humanoid robotics**, highlighting the impact of **Physical AI** on both segments [1][2]. Core Insights - **Physical AI Framework**: The common framework consists of "body-cerebrum-brain-skills-world", which helps in understanding the business models of industry players [2]. - **Challenges**: - **Industrial Robots**: Require high precision and speed, with hardware and motion control being critical differentiators [3]. - **Humanoid Robots**: Face challenges in task generalization and complex physical interactions, making brain and world models essential [3]. Market Projections - In 2025, only **4%** of humanoid robot shipments are expected to be for industrial applications, with total shipments around **20K units**. This percentage is projected to rise to **50-60%** as the market grows to **1-10 million units annually**, before declining to **~10%** in the distant future [4][6]. Competitive Landscape - **Industrial Robotics**: - **FANUC** is a leader, excelling in technology and ecosystem ownership, with a broad robotic portfolio and superior motion control capabilities [5]. - **Mech-Mind** holds a **~30%** market share in robotic path planning, indicating strong competitive positioning [5]. - **Humanoid Robotics**: - **Unitree** commands a **~25%** global market share and is becoming a key platform for robotic research and applications [5]. - Other players like **Figure AI** and **LimX** are also making strides in technology breakthroughs [5]. Financial Performance - **Unitree's Revenue Growth**: Projected revenue growth from humanoid robots shows significant increases, with revenues expected to rise from **RMB 3 million** in 2023 to **RMB 595.2 million** by 2025 [39]. - **Gross Margin Trends**: Unitree's gross margins are superior compared to peers, indicating strong financial health [36]. Investment Recommendations - **Outperform Ratings**: Recommended for **FANUC**, **Inovance**, **Keyence**, **Cognex**, and **Harmonic Drive**. - **Underperform Rating**: Assigned to **Leader Harmonious Drive** [37]. Risks and Considerations - **Macro Economic Risks**: The robotics industry is sensitive to global economic conditions, including industrial capex cycles and currency fluctuations [55][56][57][58][60]. - **Market Demand**: Potential risks include weaker than expected global automation demand and competition affecting market share [57][58]. Additional Insights - The report emphasizes the minimal application overlap between industrial and humanoid robots, suggesting distinct market paths for each segment [17]. This summary encapsulates the critical aspects of the conference call, providing a comprehensive overview of the robotics industry, competitive dynamics, market projections, and investment implications.

Economic Performance - China's economy has shown a strong start to 2026, with retail sales increasing by 2.8% year over year in the first two months, up from a 0.9% increase in December and exceeding market expectations of 2.5% [1][10] - Industrial output surged by 6.3%, surpassing analysts' expectations, indicating that policy support is effectively boosting the economy [2] Investment Insights - The rebound in consumption and industrial output suggests potential upside for industrial and tech-focused companies, particularly those heavily weighted in China-focused ETFs [6] - High-tech manufacturing output rose by 13.1%, with industrial robots and lithium-ion batteries seeing increases of 31.1% and 42.6% respectively, aligning with China's long-term goals of self-reliance and advanced manufacturing [5] Oil Supply Resilience - China is better positioned to withstand global oil supply shocks due to its substantial onshore crude stockpiles of approximately 1.2 billion barrels, sufficient for three to four months of demand [8] - Oil from the Strait of Hormuz accounts for only 6.6% of China's total energy consumption, providing a buffer against disruptions compared to countries like Japan and South Korea [9][11] ETF Recommendations - iShares MSCI China ETF (MCHI) has net assets of $6.78 billion, focusing on 579 large and mid-sized companies, with consumer discretionary leading at 26.3% [12] - iShares China Large-Cap ETF (FXI) has net assets of $6.06 billion, providing exposure to 50 large Chinese companies, with consumer discretionary at 23.3% [14] - State Street SPDR S&P China ETF (GXC) has net assets of $503.6 million, focusing on 1,243 publicly traded companies, with financials leading at 32.6% [15] - Global X MSCI China Consumer Discretionary ETF (CHIQ) has net assets of $169.3 million, focusing on 59 consumer discretionary companies, with retail at 34.3% [16]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the Physical AI industry Core Insights - The convergence of AI and robotics, termed Physical AI, is seen as a potential breakthrough akin to previous technological revolutions, with significant market growth anticipated, particularly in humanoid robotics, projected to reach $5 trillion by 2050 [3][12][49] - The industry faces challenges including technology and economic barriers, with a lack of standardization in the robotics supply chain hindering scalability and innovation [4][14][21] - Policymaker interest in Physical AI is driven by economic, social, and national security factors, particularly in addressing labor shortages and enhancing operational efficiency in various sectors [12][14] Summary by Sections Introduction - Physical AI enables autonomous machines to learn and interact with their environment, with current focus on humanoid, industrial, and autonomous mobile robots [8][10] AI-Robotics Supply Chain - The report outlines the hardware and software supply chains essential for Physical AI, highlighting the need for breakthroughs in both areas to support the convergence of AI and robotics [5][16] Robotics Hardware Supply Chain - The hardware supply chain is characterized by a lack of standardization, which limits economies of scale and innovation among component suppliers [21][64] - Key components include structural systems, actuation systems, power systems, computing systems, and sensor systems, each with specific requirements and challenges [19][22] Robotics Software Supply Chain - Advances in AI, including large language models and reinforcement learning, are enhancing how robots are trained and how they learn from their environments [27][28] - The software ecosystem is critical for enabling robots to understand and interact with the physical world effectively [34][60] Competitiveness Assessment - The report assesses global competitiveness in AI-robotics convergence, noting that while China leads in research output, the U.S. excels in highly cited work and investment [37][42] - U.S. firms dominate in investment and patenting activities, particularly in specific sub-markets of robotics [44][43] Market Analysis - The global AI-robotics market is projected to grow significantly, with estimates suggesting it could exceed $100 billion in the next decade [49][50] - The market for humanoid robots is expected to grow from $6 billion today to $38 billion by 2035, with substantial investment directed towards warehouse robotics [48][49]

Core Insights - The robot industry is experiencing unprecedented growth, with a market size surpassing 100 billion and an annual growth rate exceeding 20% [1] - There is a widening information gap in the industry, highlighting the need for a professional platform that can provide in-depth analysis and insights [1] - The "Robot Lecture Hall" serves as a leading vertical media platform in China, boasting over 1 million precise users and covering the entire industry chain [1] Industry Opportunities - The robot industry is at a historic turning point, with both domestic and international giants investing heavily [1] - The lack of a comprehensive platform for deep analysis presents a unique opportunity for content creators and analysts [1] Platform Advantages - Joining the "Robot Lecture Hall" allows individuals to be at the forefront of observing the robot industry [2] Recruitment Needs - The company is seeking talent across five major sectors, including media, short video production, planning, think tank consulting, and government relations [4][7] - Specific roles include deputy editor, lead writer, and various positions in short video and planning sectors [4][7] Media Sector Roles - The media sector requires individuals with experience in technology media or related fields, capable of producing original content and tracking industry trends [5][8] Short Video Sector Roles - The short video sector is looking for content planners and operators who can create engaging video content and manage social media accounts effectively [9][11] Planning Sector Roles - The planning sector seeks individuals who can conceptualize and execute brand events, ensuring alignment with brand identity and messaging [13][15] Think Tank Consulting Roles - The think tank consulting sector requires senior researchers and industry analysts who can conduct in-depth policy analysis and produce comprehensive reports [16] Government Relations Roles - The government relations sector focuses on establishing and maintaining connections with various government levels to align company resources with governmental needs [17] Company Background - The "Lide Robot Platform" has been a prominent service provider in the robot industry for 10 years, offering various professional services to over 300 leading companies [20][22] - The platform has a strong focus on the development of the robot industry, particularly in key regions like Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou [22]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news highlights Guangdong's leading position in the AIR (Artificial Intelligence and Robotics) industry, with industrial robots accounting for over 40% of the national output and service robots over 80% [1][2] - In the first ten months of 2025, the scale of the core AI industry exceeded 230 billion yuan, with industrial and service robot production reaching 260,200 units and 12,838,800 units respectively, maintaining the top position in the country [1] - The AIR industry in Guangdong is characterized by a strong application-driven approach, supported by a robust industrial foundation and a complete ecosystem, with major tech companies like Huawei and Tencent contributing to advancements in computing power and AI models [2][3] Group 2 - The Guangdong government has implemented precise policies and innovative mechanisms to continuously drive the development of the AIR industry, including the establishment of a leadership group for AI and robotics innovation [3][4] - The focus for the 14th Five-Year Plan includes promoting high-quality development of the AI industry and its application across all sectors, emphasizing the need for AI technology to permeate every aspect of economic and social development [3] - The goal of achieving "full coverage" involves breaking regional barriers and promoting the AIR industry from the Pearl River Delta to less developed areas, thereby driving industrial upgrades and reducing regional disparities [4]

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant achievements of China's robotics industry in 2025, marking a transition from "small to large" and establishing a complete industrial chain system [1] - The "2025 China Robotics Industry Yearbook" has been compiled to provide a comprehensive overview of the industry's development and future direction, serving as a reliable reference for stakeholders [1] - The yearbook is available in both physical and electronic formats, with the electronic version being offered for free to readers [1][2] Policy Section - The yearbook systematically reviews national and local policies supporting the robotics industry, emphasizing the alignment of national strategies with local actions [8] - Key policies include the inclusion of "embodied intelligence" in the 2025 Government Work Report and the identification of intelligent robots as a focus area in the "Artificial Intelligence +" initiative [8] Technology Section - The yearbook focuses on breakthroughs in robotics technology, showcasing significant advancements such as real-time autonomous decision-making algorithms and the development of biohybrid robots [10] - Innovations like the "embodied intelligence base" are highlighted, which allow robots to learn and adapt in simulated environments [10] Market Section - The robotics market in China is projected to grow significantly, with the industrial robot market expected to reach approximately 68.426 billion yuan, reflecting an 11.9% growth rate by 2025 [12] - The humanoid robot market is anticipated to reach 8.239 billion yuan, accounting for 61% of the global market share [12] Industry Section - The yearbook documents the historical progress of the robotics industry in 2025, marking it as the "year of mass production" for humanoid robots [14] - The industry is characterized by the integration of embodied intelligence across various sectors, enhancing robots' capabilities in non-standard tasks and dynamic processes [14] Company Section - The yearbook features over 60 outstanding companies in various robotics fields, including humanoid robots, embodied intelligence, and core components, showcasing a vibrant and competitive industry landscape [16] - Companies range from publicly listed firms to innovative startups, covering the entire supply chain from R&D to system solutions [16] Financial Section - The yearbook reports a robust investment landscape in the robotics sector, with 574 disclosed financing events totaling over 50.4 billion yuan in 2025, marking an 18.6% increase from 2024 [18] - Investment trends indicate a dual focus on early-stage funding and significant late-stage financing events, particularly in core components and humanoid robots [18] Trend Section - The yearbook provides forward-looking insights into the robotics industry, predicting trends such as technological integration, product intelligence, and the emergence of new application scenarios [20] - The industry is expected to play a crucial role in global technological competition, driven by advancements in embodied intelligence and responses to demographic changes [20]

Industry Overview - The AI infrastructure market is projected to reach approximately $394 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of around 19.4% as companies invest in more powerful chips [1] - This growth creates structural demand across the entire supply chain, not just for chips but for all components necessary for reliable operation at scale [1] Company Profile: Teradyne - Teradyne is a Massachusetts-based provider of semiconductor test equipment and industrial robots, with a strong stock performance, up 57% year-to-date and 69% over the past 52 weeks [3] - The company has a market capitalization of about $30.5 billion, with shares trading at 60.9 times trailing earnings compared to a sector median of 23.91 times [4] Growth Potential - Stifel recently upgraded Teradyne's shares to "Buy," anticipating growth in AI test revenue in 2026 as next-generation devices increase test intensity [2] - Teradyne's position in the AI manufacturing ecosystem is bolstered by its recognition from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's Open Innovation Platform for its contributions to advanced chip production [5] Strategic Partnerships and Opportunities - Teradyne is identified as a potential second-source test supplier for Nvidia's next-generation Blackwell chips, which could significantly impact its revenue due to the complexity and longer testing times of these AI accelerators [6]

Summary of the Expert Call on China's Automation Market Industry Overview - **Industry**: Automation in China - **Date of Call**: November 17, 2025 - **Expert**: Mr. Wang Baomin, Senior Partner at MIR (Marketing Intelligence Resource) Key Points Market Outlook - The automation market in China is expected to be stable in 2026, with a forecasted sales decline of -0.3% year-on-year (y-y) in 2025, reaching Rmb285 billion, followed by another -0.3% y-y in 2026 and a growth of +2.0% y-y in 2027 [3][9] - The OEM market is projected to outperform the project market, with growth of +1% y-y in 2026 compared to a decline of -1% y-y for the project market [3] Demand by Downstream Industries - Anticipated strong demand for automation from sectors such as: - New energy - Electronics (smartphones, optical modules, PCB, etc.) - Logistics - Robotics - Precision machinery (liquid cooling parts, humanoid screws, etc.) - Non-ferrous metal mining - Stable demand expected from packaging and plastics, while construction-related industries (building materials, elevators) are expected to remain sluggish [4][9] Price Outlook - With channel inventory normalizing, stable prices are expected in 2026 with reduced downside risk [5][9] Growth Projections for Specific Products - **PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers)**: - Small PLCs: +7.0% y-y in 2025 and +5.8% y-y in 2026 - Midsized/large PLCs: +6.3% y-y in 2025 and +5.2% y-y in 2026 - **Servos**: +7.4% y-y in 2025 and +8.0% y-y in 2026 - **Low-voltage AC drives**: +1.3% y-y in 2025 and +3.0% y-y in 2026 - **Industrial robots**: +11.9% y-y in 2025 and +12.8% y-y in 2026 - **CNC (Computer Numerical Control)**: +3.1% y-y in 2025 and +2.1% y-y in 2026 [11] Competitive Landscape - Domestic brands are gaining market share against foreign competitors, particularly in high-value segments [9][11] - Companies like Inovance, Geekplus, and Han's Laser are preferred within the automation segment [9] Strategic Opportunities - Two key opportunities identified: - Technology security - Energy security - Positive outlook for AI-driven downstream markets [11] Risks - **Upside Risks**: - Stronger-than-expected macroeconomic conditions boosting demand for automation products - Increased sales of ePVs equipped with Inovance's EV control system - Improved profitability in China's manufacturing sector leading to higher capital spending [15][16] - **Downside Risks**: - Failure to develop high-end automation products - Significant gross margin decline due to raw material price hikes - Intensifying competition and potential loss of key clients [19][16] Conclusion The expert call highlighted a stable outlook for China's automation market in 2026, with specific growth opportunities in various sectors and products. However, the market faces challenges from competition and potential economic fluctuations.

Core Insights - The production of robots in China has experienced rapid growth in 2023, with industrial robot output reaching 595,000 units and service robot output totaling 13.5 million sets in the first three quarters, surpassing the total production expected for the entire year of 2024 [2] Group 1: Production Growth - Industrial robot production reached 595,000 units in the first three quarters of 2023 [2] - Service robot production totaled 13.5 million sets during the same period [2] - Both categories of robots have already exceeded the expected total production for the year 2024 [2] Group 2: Quality and Performance Improvement - The performance and quality of robot products have significantly improved alongside production growth [2] - Successful development of high-performance industrial robots in areas such as heavy load, welding, spraying, and mobile operation has filled gaps in the high-end robot sector [2] Group 3: Component Development - The supporting capabilities for key robot components are steadily enhancing [2] - Continuous breakthroughs have been made in the development of critical components such as high-precision reducers, high-performance servo systems, and intelligent controllers [2]