11月25日，记者走访多家药店看到，前来购买感冒发热咳嗽用药的顾客不在少数。网上购药数据显示， 随着全国多地流感活动进入上升期，针对流感病毒的抗病毒药物奥司他韦和玛巴洛沙韦销量上升明显， 增长率均超过100%。 中国疾病预防控制中心监测数据显示，全国流感活动当前已进入较快上升阶段，预计流感活动未来还将 进一步上升。 流感季期间，紧俏的药物如何才能用在"刀刃"上，达到避免感染、缩短病程的目的？怎样才是恰当用 药，既避免盲目过量用药，又防范"病急乱用药"？科技日报记者就此采访了相关专家。 有感冒症状要先明确病原体 国家流感中心最新发布流感周报中的耐药性分析结果显示，仅有1株甲型H1N1亚型流感毒株对神经氨酸 酶抑制剂敏感性降低，其余甲型H1N1、H3N2亚型和乙型流感毒株均对神经氨酸酶抑制剂敏感。与此同 时，所有甲型H1N1、H3N2亚型和乙型流感病毒毒株均对聚合酶抑制剂敏感。 "奥司他韦就是一种神经氨酸酶抑制剂，其核心作用是抑制病毒的毒性。"河北省邯郸市人民医院院长、 主任药师李楠解释，而玛巴洛沙韦进入体内后，可进一步形成聚合酶抑制剂，直接阻止病毒复制。国家 流感中心的研究显示，这两种药物对当前的甲乙型流感均有 ...

Core Viewpoint - The research reveals the unique biological phenomenon of "male pregnancy" in seahorses and their close relatives, uncovering the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind it [3]. Group 1: Mechanism of Male Pregnancy - Male seahorses possess a specialized brood pouch that allows them to carry fertilized eggs, providing protection, oxygen, nutrients, and immune support to the embryos, comparable to mammalian uteri [1]. - The study identified a type of epithelial progenitor cell with stem cell potential that is crucial for the formation of the brood pouch, regulated by male hormones [1][2]. - The brood pouch's inner layer thickens during early pregnancy, forming structures similar to mammalian placentas, and the presence of "trophoblast-like cells" indicates evolutionary adaptations [2]. Group 2: Immune Regulation - Seahorses lack the foxp3 gene, which is essential for immune tolerance in mammals, and have evolved a unique "non-foxp3 dependent" immune regulation mechanism to prevent the paternal immune system from rejecting the embryos [2]. - The study highlights the dynamic balance of immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface, which is critical for successful pregnancy [2]. Group 3: Evolutionary Insights - The research compares different types of brood pouches across seahorse species, suggesting that the evolutionary origin of these structures may stem from specialized epidermal cells that initially helped attach sticky eggs to the male's body [2]. - Over time, these cells evolved to recruit more functionally similar cells, leading to the complexity and diversity of brood pouch structures [2].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Academy of Sciences' National Space Science Center announced several space exploration satellite plans during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, including a mission to search for Earth-like exoplanets, referred to as "Earth 2.0" [1] Group 1: Importance of Searching for "Earth 2.0" - The search for "Earth 2.0" is driven by human curiosity about the existence of life beyond Earth [2] - Finding "Earth 2.0" could provide a "backup home" for humanity, addressing existential threats such as resource depletion and global warming [2] - Researching Earth-like planets may help understand Earth's past and future, and answer philosophical questions about humanity's uniqueness in the universe [2] Group 2: Criteria for "Earth 2.0" - "Earth 2.0" must meet strict criteria regarding its physical properties, stellar environment, and habitability conditions [3] - The planet's radius should be between 0.8 to 1.25 times that of Earth, ensuring a solid surface and atmosphere [3] - It must orbit a sun-like star within the "habitable zone" to maintain liquid water on its surface [3] - A suitable atmosphere and a stable global magnetic field are essential for protecting life [3] Group 3: Current Discoveries in the Search for Earth-like Planets - The Kepler Space Telescope has discovered over 6,000 exoplanets, but none have been Earth-sized and within the habitable zone [4] - Significant milestones include the first confirmed exoplanets in 1992 and the discovery of the first Earth-sized rocky planet, Kepler-10b, in 2011 [4][5] - In 2017, a system with seven Earth-sized planets was confirmed, with several potentially having conditions for liquid water [5] - China's contributions include the discovery of a "super-Earth" in the habitable zone, which is ten times the mass of Earth [5]

Core Insights - The fourth China-Africa Industrial Innovation and Technology Transfer Cooperation Forum was held in Wuhan, showcasing significant collaboration between Hubei University of Technology and African partners [1][2] - Hubei University of Technology launched 108 projects focused on technology transfer and industrial cooperation with Africa, covering areas such as smart manufacturing, biomanufacturing, new materials, smart grids, big data, and artificial intelligence [1] - Since the forum's inception in 2022, Hubei University has published over 630 cooperation and technology transfer intentions, establishing strategic partnerships with over 60 African universities and enterprises [1] Group 1 - Hubei University of Technology has established over 70 partnerships in more than 20 African countries, signing over 100 cooperation agreements in various fields including talent training and joint laboratories [2] - The university has recently been approved for a national-level joint laboratory focused on green construction and intelligent operation, collaborating with Addis Ababa University to promote technology application in African infrastructure [2] - The forum was co-hosted by Hubei University, the China-Ethiopia Joint Laboratory, and other organizations, indicating a strong institutional support for China-Africa collaboration [3]

Group 1: Core Insights - The "5G + Industrial Internet" is a key force driving the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy in China [1] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology plans to implement actions for the integration of industrial internet and artificial intelligence, optimizing the industrial internet system architecture [1][5] - The latest data shows that 5G applications have been integrated into 86 out of 97 categories of the national economy, with over 138,000 cases and more than 20,000 construction projects in "5G + Industrial Internet" [2] Group 2: Innovations and Achievements - In the automotive manufacturing sector, the first flexible production line for 5G automotive welding has been established, reducing new model production line adjustment time by 90% [2] - China has taken the lead in formulating the world's first industrial 5G international standards, with over 100 national and industry standards established [3] - Artificial intelligence is reshaping the entire value chain of enterprises, with nearly 90% of automotive companies adopting AI for operational assistance [4] Group 3: Future Directions - The focus will shift towards deep integration of massive data collected via 5G networks with artificial intelligence and digital twin technologies [4] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology aims to promote intelligent, green, and integrated directions for industrial internet development [5]

Core Viewpoint - The research teams from Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Sun Yat-sen University have successfully developed the world's first single-gene and multi-gene edited Min pigs, marking a significant advancement in genetic editing for livestock breeding [1] Group 1: Single-Gene Editing Achievements - The teams achieved single-gene editing of the IGF2 gene, resulting in Min pigs with improved meat quality [1] - They also edited the BMP15 gene, leading to Min pigs with enhanced reproductive capabilities [1] Group 2: Multi-Gene Editing Achievements - The teams combined the BMP15, MSTN, and CD163 genes to create three-gene edited Min pigs that exhibit increased production, high reproductive capacity, and disease resistance [1] - Another combination of the TYR, SGK3, and GHRHR genes resulted in three-gene edited Min pigs characterized by hairlessness, albinism, and dwarfism [1] Group 3: Broader Implications and Future Research - The research also included the Five-Finger Mountain pig, resulting in growth-related PROP1 gene edited pigs and high reproductive capacity FecB gene edited pigs [1] - The findings provide new pathways for high-quality Min pig production and open new avenues for the breeding of medical model pigs and pet pigs, indicating significant theoretical and practical implications [1] - The teams plan to enhance trait evaluation of gene-edited pigs and continue research on other gene-edited pigs, contributing to the protection of local pig resources and the development of the life and health industry in China [1]

Core Insights - Researchers at the National University of Singapore have developed a heat-resistant perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell with a power conversion efficiency exceeding 34% and maintained performance after 1200 hours of continuous operation at 65°C [1][2] Group 1: Technology Development - The new tandem solar cell combines silicon with perovskite materials to enhance power generation efficiency by absorbing more sunlight in the same area [1] - Previous studies attributed performance degradation to the perovskite material itself, but recent findings indicate that the issue lies in the ultra-thin molecular layer connecting the perovskite and silicon layers [1] Group 2: Performance Testing - The newly developed solar cell features a novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) that significantly improves performance, achieving a power conversion efficiency of over 34% [2] - In high-temperature conditions, the solar cell retains over 96% of its initial performance after 1200 hours of continuous operation, which is a remarkable achievement in the field of perovskite solar cells [2]

Core Insights - A new wearable system developed by a team from the University of California, San Diego, allows users to control robotic devices using everyday hand gestures in dynamic environments such as running or driving [1][2] - The system overcomes limitations of traditional gesture sensing devices that struggle with signal distortion due to motion noise, enabling stable operation even under high-frequency vibrations and multiple interferences [1][2] Group 1 - The wearable system is designed as a soft patch attached to a fabric arm band, integrating motion and muscle sensors, a Bluetooth microcontroller, and a stretchable battery [1] - It utilizes a customized deep learning framework to capture and process signals from the arm in real-time, filtering out noise and recognizing gestures to send control commands to devices [1] Group 2 - This is the first wearable human-machine interaction system capable of stable operation under various motion disturbances, indicating broad application prospects [2] - Potential applications include enabling rehabilitation patients or individuals with mobility impairments to control assistive robots through natural gestures, and allowing industrial workers and rescue personnel to operate tools and robots in high-intensity or hazardous environments [2] - The system is also expected to enhance the reliability of gesture control in consumer electronic devices, paving the way for the development of next-generation wearable systems that are lighter, wireless, and capable of continuous learning from complex environments and user habits [2]

Core Insights - A new class of mutation-prone regions has been discovered in the human genome, particularly at transcription start sites, which has significant implications for understanding genetics and disease [1][2] - The probability of mutations occurring in the first 100 base pairs after transcription start sites is 35% higher than random mutation rates, highlighting the functional importance of these regions [1] - Many additional mutations occur during the initial rounds of cell division post-fertilization, known as mosaic mutations, which may be asymptomatic in parents but can be passed to offspring [1] Group 1 - The research was led by the Barcelona Genome Regulation Centre and published in Nature Communications, analyzing 150,000 human genomes and 75,000 transcription start sites [2] - Genes associated with cancer, brain function, and limb development are particularly affected by these mutation hotspots [2] - Natural selection appears to filter out harmful mutations over generations, leading to a decrease in the prevalence of these mutations in families with affected genes [2] Group 2 - Current mutation models used by geneticists may overlook these mutation hotspots, leading to incorrect conclusions about expected mutation rates in specific genomic regions [2] - For instance, a model might predict 10 mutations in a region, while 50 are observed, indicating a significant blind spot in existing methodologies [2]

Core Insights - Harvard Medical School and the Barcelona Genomic Regulation Center have developed an AI model named popEVE, which can accurately identify disease-causing mutations in human proteins, potentially transforming the diagnosis of genetic diseases [1][2]. Group 1: Model Development - popEVE is based on evolutionary data from hundreds of thousands of different species and genetic variation information from the entire human population, allowing it to analyze over 20,000 human proteins to identify pathogenic mutations and rank their severity [1]. - The model innovatively combines evolutionary data with resources from the UK Biobank and genomic aggregation databases, enabling it to calibrate disease predictions based on gene variations found in healthy populations [2]. Group 2: Model Validation and Performance - To validate its effectiveness, the team analyzed genetic data from over 31,000 families with children suffering from severe developmental disorders, where popEVE identified the most destructive mutations in 98% of cases, outperforming advanced tools like AlphaMissense [2]. - In the search for new pathogenic genes, popEVE discovered 123 genes previously thought unrelated to developmental disorders, with 104 of these appearing in only a few cases [2].