INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND | --- | --- | |-------------------------------------|---------------| | | | | Central Bank Digital | | | Currencies and Financial Stability: | Balance Sheet | | Analysis and Policy | | Choices Prepared by Romain Bouis, Gaston Gelos, Paavo Miettinen, Fumitaka Nakamura, Erlend Nier, and Gabriel Soderberg WP/YY/226 IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers ...

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 2024 OCT What Can Artificial Intelligence Do for Stagnant Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean? Bas Bakker, Sophia Chen, Dmitry Vasilyev, Olga Bespalova, Moya Chin, Daria Kolpakova, Archit Singhal, and Yuanchen Yang WP/24/219 IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the ...

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IMF-Supported Programs in LowIncome Countries: Fragile versus Non-Fragile States Kaihao Cai, Édouard Martin, and Felix Várdy WP/24/221 IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. 9A9 2024 OCT © 2024 International Monetary Fund WP/24/221 ...

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Europe's Shift to Electric Vehicles Amid Intensifying Global Competition Philippe Wingender, Jiaxiong Yao, Robert Zymek, Benjamin Carton, Diego Cerdeiro, and Anke Weber WP/24/218 IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. 2024 OCT 9A9 ...

IMF Country Report No. 24/311 PAKISTAN SELECTED ISSUES October 2024 This paper on Pakistan was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on September 11, 2024. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund • Publication Services PO Box 92780 • Washington, D.C. 20090 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 • Fax: (202 ...

STAFF CLIMATE NOTES Policies to Foster Green FDI: Best Practices for Emerging Market and Developing Economies Florence Jaumotte, Jaden Kim, Samuel Pienknagura, and Gregor Schwerhoff IMF STAFF CLIMATE NOTES 2024/004 ©2024 International Monetary Fund Policies to Foster Green FDI: Best Practices for Emerging Market and Developing Economies IMF Staff Climate Notes 2024/004 Florence Jaumotte, Jaden Kim, Samuel Pienknagura, and Gregor Schwerhoff* DISCLAIMER: The IMF Staff Notes Series aims to quickly disseminate ...

Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry, as it focuses on the development of a Global Soft Power Index (GSPI) rather than direct investment recommendations [3][9] Core Viewpoints - The report introduces a new comprehensive Global Soft Power Index (GSPI) composed of six dimensions, which allows for comparisons at both the headline level and sub-indices level, enabling granular analysis of soft power across countries [3][9] - The GSPI is constructed using a three-step approach: normalization of variables, aggregation into sub-indices, and aggregation into the final index, providing a systematic framework for measuring soft power [9][25] - The report highlights the macro-financial relevance of the GSPI, particularly its impact on exchange rate volatility, with the culture and global reach dimensions being the most significant in explaining real exchange rate volatility [10][60][62] Data Overview - The GSPI is based on 29 indicators across six dimensions (commercial, culture, digital, education, global reach, and institutions) for a broad set of countries from 1990 to 2021 [9][15] - Data availability constraints limit the most comprehensive version of the GSPI to a balanced panel of 66 countries from 2007 to 2021 [20] Index Methodology - The GSPI is constructed using a standard three-step approach: normalization of variables, aggregation into sub-indices, and aggregation into the final index [25] - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to determine the weights for each sub-index, ensuring that the highest possible variation in the indicator set is accounted for with the smallest number of factors [27][30] Index Results - There is significant variation in the level of soft power across countries, with the GSPI ranging from -0.59 in the Dominican Republic to 1.68 in South Korea as of 2021 [11][39] - Advanced economies generally have higher levels of soft power, but this is not always the case, as seen in the evolution of soft power in China and the United Kingdom, where China's soft power increased significantly while the UK's declined [11][40] - The GSPI and its sub-indices allow for the classification of countries into four groups based on their soft power levels, with Japan and South Korea forming a distinct group due to their high commercial prowess and lower performance in the culture dimension [43][46] Macro-Financial Application - The GSPI is used to test the impact of soft power on exchange rate volatility, with results showing that low soft-power countries exhibit a different dynamic between soft power and real exchange rate volatility compared to medium and high soft-power countries [10][49] - The culture and global reach dimensions of soft power are particularly relevant in explaining real exchange rate volatility, with global reach being the most significant sub-index [60][62]

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND The Economics Of Decarbonizing Electricity Production Gregor Schwerhoff WP/24/213 IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. 2024 OCT 9A9 DNIXAOV © 2024 International Monetary Fund WP/24/213 IMF Working Paper Research Department The Ec ...

IMF Country Report No. 24/305 KINGDOM OF ESWATINI SELECTED ISSUES September 2024 This paper on Kingdom of Eswatini was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on September 10, 2024. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund • Publication Services PO Box 92780 • Washington, D.C. 20090 Telephone: (2 ...

Positioning Central Bank Digital Currency in the Payments Landscape Manisha Patel, Safari Kasiyanto, and André Reslow NOTE/2024/006 FINTECH NOTE | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |-------|----------------------------------|-------|-----------------|-------|-------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Positioning Central Bank Digital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currency | | in the Payments | | | | | | | | | | | | Landscape | | | | | | | | | | | | Prepared by Manisha Patel, Safari Kasiyanto, and André Reslow ...