Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The World Bank Group (WBG) is perceived as increasingly effective in Brazil, with significant improvements in trust and familiarity among stakeholders compared to previous years [14][19][59]. - Stakeholders prioritize education, social protection, and climate change as key areas for WBG focus, reflecting a shift in development priorities over the past three years [49][50]. - Familiarity with the WBG correlates with more positive perceptions of its effectiveness and relevance in Brazil [25][26]. Summary by Sections Objectives - The survey aims to understand stakeholder perceptions of the WBG, focusing on familiarity, effectiveness, development priorities, and communication preferences [6]. Methodology Overview - The survey was conducted from February to May 2024, with a response rate of 19% from 858 potential participants, totaling 159 respondents [8]. Overall Context - Respondents emphasized the need for the WBG to prioritize reducing inequalities and enhancing collaboration among various sectors [11]. Overall Attitudes Toward the World Bank Group - The WBG received high trust ratings, particularly from academia and civil society, with an overall mean trust rating of 8.0 [19][30]. Key Performance Indicators - In FY24, the WBG's effectiveness ratings improved significantly across various indicators, including its role in development and alignment with Brazil's priorities [22][24]. World Bank Group's Support for Development Areas - Education remains the top priority for stakeholders, followed by social protection and climate change, indicating a shift in focus compared to FY19 [49]. Effectiveness of WBG's Sectoral Support - The WBG's work in environmental management and sanitation received the highest effectiveness ratings, with notable improvements in gender equity and social protection ratings compared to FY19 [50][52]. World Bank Group's Engagement on the Ground in Brazil - The WBG is increasingly viewed as an effective partner, with high ratings for accessibility and responsiveness, particularly from subnational governments [59][60]. World Bank Group's Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work - Financial resources are considered the most valuable aspect of the WBG's support, with a significant emphasis on technical assistance and implementation support [87][90]. Conclusion - The report highlights a positive trend in stakeholder perceptions of the WBG's effectiveness and relevance in Brazil, with a clear call for increased collaboration and focus on key development areas [78][86].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the World Bank Group's activities in Costa Rica Core Insights - The survey indicates a slight improvement in stakeholders' familiarity and trust towards the World Bank Group (WBG) compared to previous years, with mean familiarity ratings increasing from 5.7 in FY21 to 6.5 in FY24 [14][24] - Stakeholders prioritize education, transport infrastructure, and crime and violence as key areas for WBG focus, with transport infrastructure rising significantly from 9% in FY21 to 43% in FY24 [60][63] - The WBG is perceived as a long-term partner, with a mean rating of 7.6 for being a long-term partner and 7.1 for openness in sharing data [70][71] Objectives - The survey aims to understand stakeholders' perceptions of the WBG, including familiarity, trust, effectiveness, and alignment with Costa Rica's development priorities [7] Methodology Overview - The survey was conducted from February to May 2024, with 647 potential participants and a response rate of 35%, resulting in 225 completed surveys [9][8] Overall Context - Respondents expressed a desire for better communication of WBG actions and more effective results-based management in projects [21][12] Key Performance Indicators - In FY24, respondents rated the WBG's relevance, effectiveness, and alignment with development priorities slightly higher than in FY21, although these increases were not statistically significant [24][26] Stakeholder Familiarity - Respondents from the Office of the President and media reported the highest familiarity with the WBG, while the private sector showed significantly lower familiarity ratings [14][15] Trust Ratings - Trust ratings for the WBG improved, with respondents from academia and civil society giving the highest ratings, while the media and national government received the lowest [18][19] Development Areas - Education remains the top priority for WBG resources, with significant increases in the prioritization of transport infrastructure and crime and violence [60][63] Effectiveness Ratings - The WBG's effectiveness in various sectors received mixed ratings, with macroeconomic stability rated highest, while transport and climate change saw declines compared to FY21 [65] Engagement and Collaboration - Stakeholders expressed a need for the WBG to collaborate more with local governments, civil society, and the private sector to enhance its impact [87][89] Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work - Respondents value the WBG's financial resources and technical assistance, with a strong emphasis on accountability in lending practices [94][96]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the World Bank Group's activities in Uruguay. Core Insights - The survey indicates a consistent level of familiarity with the World Bank Group (WBG) among stakeholders in Uruguay, with a mean familiarity rating of 6.2 in FY24, compared to 6.7 in FY20 [13][21]. - Trust in the WBG has improved, with a mean trust rating of 7.4 in FY24, compared to 7.1 in FY20 [17][36]. - Stakeholders from government institutions and bilateral or multilateral agencies generally have more positive perceptions of the WBG compared to those from academia and media [24][31]. Summary by Sections Objectives - The survey aimed to understand stakeholder perceptions of the WBG, focusing on familiarity, trust, effectiveness, alignment with development priorities, and communication preferences [6]. Methodology Overview - The survey was conducted from March to May 2024, with 850 potential participants and a response rate of 24%, resulting in 203 completed surveys [8]. Overall Context - Stakeholders expressed a desire for the WBG to increase its presence in Uruguay and collaborate more closely with local entities [11][19]. Overall Attitudes Toward the World Bank Group - The WBG's effectiveness in helping Uruguay achieve development results received a mean rating of 7.2, indicating a positive perception of its role [21][22]. Key Performance Indicators - The WBG's alignment with Uruguay's development priorities received a mean rating of 7.0, showing that stakeholders believe the WBG's work is relevant [21][39]. World Bank Group's Support for Development Areas - Education was identified as the top priority for WBG focus, followed by social inclusion and environmental management [51][49]. Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work - Financial resources and technical assistance were considered the most valuable aspects of the WBG's support, with 59% of respondents highlighting financial resources as crucial [82][83]. World Bank Group's Engagement on the Ground in Uruguay - The WBG is perceived as an open and flexible partner, with high ratings for responsiveness and accessibility [60][62]. Stakeholder Trends across Performance Indicators - Government institutions and the private sector rated the WBG higher across various performance indicators compared to academia and civil society [46][24]. Effectiveness of WBG's Sectoral Support - The WBG's work in energy received the highest effectiveness ratings, while transport was rated lower than in previous years [55][56]. Conclusion - The report highlights a generally positive perception of the WBG among Uruguayan stakeholders, with areas for improvement identified in collaboration and communication strategies [76][80].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The World Bank has established rated criteria as the default approach for new international procurement in the transport sector, effective from September 1, 2023, focusing on evaluating non-price attributes such as quality, risks, sustainability, and technical aspects [10][12] - Rated criteria have been widely used for over 30 years in public procurement, allowing for a true value assessment that emphasizes quality and risk management [11] - The guidance and tools for implementing rated criteria are included in the updated procurement regulations and standard procurement documents [12] Summary by Sections Establishment of Rated Criteria - Rated criteria are mandatory for evaluating bids in new international procurements, focusing on non-price attributes [10][12] - The number of rated criteria varies based on project complexity, risks, and borrower experience [12] Types of Evaluation Criteria - Different evaluation criteria are used to assess bids, including process criteria, qualification criteria, minimum requirements, and qualitative rated criteria [14][16] - The evaluation approach is informed by the Project Procurement Strategy for Development (PPSD) [15] Technical vs Financial Cost Weighting - The weighting of technical versus financial costs is determined based on specific project risks and opportunities, with equal weighting in high-risk, high-value procurements [28] Rated Criteria - Rated criteria assess quality, sustainability, and innovation in bids, focusing on the methodology prepared by bidders [29][30] - A minimum quality threshold may be established to ensure only bids meeting quality standards are considered [32] Prequalification and Selection Criteria - Prequalification is used to assess minimum qualification criteria on a pass/fail basis, while initial selection evaluates bidders against rated criteria [25][26] - The evaluation process includes assessing management capabilities, technical performance, and qualitative aspects of bids [19][21] Road Safety Management - The report emphasizes the importance of road safety management in contractor selection, incorporating standards like ISO 39001 and the FIA Safety Index [64][65] - A comprehensive road safety management plan is essential for evaluating bidders' capabilities in managing road safety during contract implementation [70][73]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The report emphasizes the significant potential of digitalization in enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of Human Development (HD) services across the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region, particularly in education, health, and social protection sectors [24][30][34]. Summary by Sections 1. Introduction - Digital Human Development services integrate information technology with service delivery, facilitating a comprehensive digital transformation that includes identification systems, management information systems, communication platforms, data analytics, mobile applications, interoperability frameworks, and cybersecurity measures [30][31]. 2. Digitalization of Human Development Services - Digitalization promises substantial improvements in service delivery effectiveness and quality, with a focus on enhancing access and efficiency in education, health, and social protection sectors [24][34]. - The report identifies critical success factors for digitalization, including the establishment of digital foundations such as high-speed internet access and modern data hosting capacity, followed by the development of digital enablers like strategy development and digital skills [52][56]. 2.1 Digital Foundations - High-speed internet access and modern data hosting capabilities are essential for effective digital service delivery across all sectors [50][56]. - Internet usage in ECA has increased, with 84% of the population using the internet in 2022, although there are significant disparities in access among countries [56][58]. 2.2 Digital Enablers - The report highlights the importance of developing interoperable and safe data platforms, which include digital identity systems, digital payments, and data sharing capabilities [24][52]. - Digital skills development is crucial for the effective adoption and use of digital technologies, with a focus on enhancing both basic and high-level digital competencies [52][56]. 3. Key Takeaways and Ways Forward - The report outlines several key takeaways for advancing digitalization, including the need for cohesive national digital strategies, robust policy frameworks, and cross-sector collaboration to avoid fragmentation and duplication of efforts [24][26]. - Investments in digital infrastructure, security, and building public trust through effective communication about data use and protection are essential for successful digital transformation [26][28].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Climate change threatens Djibouti's development goals, potentially leading to economic losses equivalent to nearly four years of current output by mid-century due to increased extreme heat, drought, and floods [49][55] - Policies and investments aimed at climate adaptation can significantly reduce economic damages, with a limited set of priority actions capable of halving potential GDP losses [50][76] - Significant infrastructure investments have been made, but Djibouti must ensure these assets deliver on their promise for resilience and economic diversification [51][56] - Capacity building, economic reform, and skills development are critical for successful adaptation and diversification [53][78] - Additional concessional resources are required for climate adaptation, with estimated needs exceeding US$2.8 billion [54][76] Summary by Sections Chapter 1 – Climate and Development - Djibouti's economic growth has elevated it to lower-middle-income status, driven by political stability, strategic location, and significant foreign direct investment [86] - The economy is heavily reliant on the services sector, particularly trade with Ethiopia, making it vulnerable to external shocks [90] Chapter 2 – Country Climate Commitments, Policies, and Capacities - The report emphasizes the need for a stronger institutional framework to implement climate policies and mobilize financing [83] Chapter 3 – Selected Climate and Development Priorities - Djibouti's interdependence with neighboring countries through trade and migration is crucial for achieving development priorities while enhancing resilience [66] - Investments in water management, urban planning, and health care are essential to safeguard livability [70] Chapter 4 – Macroeconomic and Welfare Implications of Climate Change - Climate impacts could generate a permanent annual loss of up to 6% of GDP by 2050, with cumulative losses estimated at US$14-15 billion [75] - Adaptation investments are necessary to mitigate these impacts, with a focus on fiscal management and mobilizing international support [77] Chapter 5 – Conclusion and Recommendations - Economic reform, capacity building, and investment in skills are critical to the adaptation agenda, ensuring that infrastructure investments yield expected benefits [78]

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry analyzed Core Insights - The study investigates the parenthood penalty in Indonesian labor markets, focusing on gender disparities, revealing that childbirth significantly negatively impacts women's employment for up to six years, while men experience only short-lived effects [3][12][22] - The analysis highlights the role of socioeconomic factors, such as education level and urban versus rural residence, in moderating the parenthood penalty, suggesting that policies aimed at promoting gender equality in the labor market are essential [3][12][22] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report emphasizes the critical impact of parenthood on women's labor market outcomes, noting that the parenthood penalty is well-documented in various countries and is particularly relevant in Indonesia, where female labor force participation has stagnated around 50% [8][9][10] Methodology - The study employs a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach using longitudinal data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) spanning from 1993 to 2014, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of labor market trajectories before and after childbirth [14][50][54] Findings - The findings indicate that women in urban areas and those with higher education levels face larger and more prolonged penalties, while rural women and those with extended family support recover more quickly [22][24] - The report reveals that households with extended family members experience faster recovery from the birth penalty, with penalties becoming insignificant by the second year after childbirth, contrasting with households without extended family support, where penalties persist until year seven [22][24] Policy Implications - The report suggests that expanding access to childcare services could significantly reduce the persistence of the birth penalty, particularly for highly educated urban women, who experience the largest and most persistent penalties [22][24]

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10974 Resolving Puzzles of Monetary Policy Transmission in Emerging Markets Jongrim Ha Dohan Kim M. Ayhan Kose Eswar S. Prasad Public Disclosure Authorized Development Economics Prospects Group November 2024 Policy Research Working Paper 10974 Abstract Conventional empirical models of monetary policy transmission in emerging market economies produce puzzling results: monetary tightening often ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the World Bank Group's activities in Poland. Core Insights - The World Bank Group (WBG) is perceived as a long-term partner and knowledge provider in Poland, with high ratings for its role in sharing knowledge and convening stakeholders [65][66]. - Stakeholders express a desire for the WBG to enhance collaboration with local governments and civil society to increase effectiveness [75][63]. - Trust in the WBG has generally increased among various stakeholder groups, particularly in the private sector and academia [25][32]. Objectives - The survey aimed to understand stakeholder perceptions of the WBG, including familiarity, trust, effectiveness, and alignment with development priorities [6][4]. - Key indicators assessed included the WBG's effectiveness, relevance, and stakeholder engagement [6]. Methodology Overview - The survey was conducted from March to May 2024, with a total of 149 respondents, yielding a 21% response rate [8][7]. - Respondents included various stakeholder groups, with a significant portion from government institutions and academia [9][11]. Overall Context - Familiarity with the WBG has slightly decreased since FY21, with a mean rating of 6.4 out of 10 [16][18]. - Stakeholders from academia and the private sector reported higher familiarity compared to civil society and local government [18][24]. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group - Stakeholders believe that the WBG should adapt to local conditions and improve communication about its activities to build trust [13][27]. - The WBG's effectiveness in achieving results in Poland is rated at 6.8, with a positive influence on shaping development policy rated at 6.6 [30][31]. World Bank Group's Support for Development Areas - Key areas for WBG focus include energy, climate change, and jobs/skills development, with climate change remaining a top priority [56][54]. - Stakeholders increasingly prioritize energy, with support for this area rising from 12% in FY21 to 51% in FY24 [56]. Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work - Knowledge and analytical products are viewed as the WBG's greatest values, with 63% of respondents having used its knowledge work and expressing satisfaction with its quality [81][91]. - The demand for financial resources has significantly increased, from 8% in FY21 to 42% in FY24 [81]. The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Poland - Stakeholders suggest that the WBG should enhance its presence in local government and the private sector, focusing on financial and advisory support [79][65]. - There is a call for the WBG to better utilize local expertise and improve responsiveness to country needs [68][70].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry analyzed Core Insights - The analysis indicates that an increase in the employment rate of older persons is significantly associated with an increase in the employment rate of youth and prime-aged persons in Indonesia, suggesting a positive relationship rather than a competitive one [2][17] - The findings support the notion that raising the retirement age can help address challenges faced by an aging society, emphasizing the importance of lifelong learning and reskilling for older workers [2][12] - The report highlights that the employment rate of older persons has increased significantly, with a notable rise of 8.3 percentage points for those aged 65 and older from 2016 to 2023 [22] Summary by Sections Introduction - Indonesia is transitioning into an aging society, with 7% of the population aged 65 or older in 2023, projected to rise to 15% by 2050 [7][11] - The government has begun raising the retirement age from 55 to 65 by 2043 to address income security and pension sustainability [12][14] Labor Market Overview - The employment rate for older persons aged 55 to 64 increased by 3.3 percentage points, while for those aged 65 and older, it rose by 8.3 percentage points between 2016 and 2023 [22] - The employment rate of youth aged 15 to 24 remains the lowest among all age groups, highlighting the need for policies that support youth employment [21] Literature Review - Research in high-income countries shows no adverse relationship between the employment of older and younger persons, with some studies indicating a positive correlation [46][47] - Similar findings are observed in developing countries, where increased employment of older persons correlates positively with the labor market outcomes of younger persons [47][49] Data and Methodology - The analysis utilizes data from the Indonesia Labour Force Survey (Sakernas) from 2016 to 2023, focusing on employment rates, unemployment rates, hours worked, and income across different age groups [54][56] Findings - Regression analysis reveals that a 1 percentage point increase in the employment rate of older persons is associated with a 0.4 percentage point increase in the employment rate of youth and a 0.7 percentage point increase for prime-aged persons [67] - The report concludes that the employment of older persons does not negatively impact the employment opportunities for younger persons, reinforcing the idea that both age groups can coexist in the labor market [17][66]