ic Disclosure Authori blic Disclosure Authoriz WESTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA Guinea-Bissau World Bank Group ATE AND EVELOPMENT Disclosure Authoriz olic Disclosure Authoriz © 2024 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Inv ...

olic Disclosure Authori REPORT Public Disclosure Autho ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM IN ACTION FROM AMBITION TO ACTI Practical Insights on Energy Subsidy Reforms REPORT ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM IN ACTION FROM AMBITION TO ACTION Practical Insights on Energy Subsidy Reforms Defne Gencer and Beatriz Arizu ABOUT ESMAP The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) is a partnership between the World Bank and over 20 partners to help low- and middle-income countries reduce poverty and boost growth through sustainab ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The World Bank aims to create a world free of poverty on a livable planet, guiding its operations and development impact strategies [36] - The GRI Index 2024 covers activities from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, and is aligned with the World Bank's annual reporting [16][33] - The report emphasizes the importance of sustainable development, with IBRD and IDA issuing "Sustainable Development Bonds" to reflect their commitment to social and environmental goals [45] General Disclosures - The World Bank consists of IBRD and IDA, which are major sources of knowledge and financing for developing countries, employing 13,492 full-time staff with a gender distribution of 54% female and 46% male [25][54] - The World Bank's operational supply chain includes diverse suppliers, with approximately $13.2 billion awarded to suppliers in fiscal 2024, primarily in infrastructure projects [51] - The governance structure includes a Board of Governors and a Board of Executive Directors, with 189 member countries participating in decision-making processes [59][65] Economic Topics - IBRD's lending operations provided $37.6 billion in net commitments during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, while IDA's operations provided $31.2 billion, including $23.1 billion in loans and $8.1 billion in grants [43][44] - The report highlights the financial implications and opportunities related to climate change, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices [8] Environmental Disclosures - The report includes disclosures on energy consumption, GHG emissions, and waste management, indicating the World Bank's commitment to environmental sustainability [9][10] Social Disclosures - The World Bank's workforce includes a significant number of temporary staff, accounting for 30.4% of the total workforce, and emphasizes the importance of diversity and equal opportunity [54][56] - The report outlines the Bank's approach to occupational health and safety, ensuring worker participation and training [11][12]

lic Disclosure Authori olic Disclosure Authori WESTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA olic Disclosure Authoriz | --- | --- | |------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | World Bank Group | CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC MAIN DOCUMENT Resilient and Inclusive Growth: Sustainable Solutions for CAR's Future | ic Disclosure Authori: © 2024 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: ww ...

| --- | --- | |-------|-------| | | | | | | Acknowledgements The Dominican Republic Country Opinion Survey is part of the County Opinion Survey Program series of the World Bank Group. This report was prepared by the Business Intelligence (BI) team, led by José De Buerba (Senior External Affairs Officer) and Svetlana Markova (Senior External Affairs Officer). Yulia Danilina, Jessica Cameron, Nan Lin, and Sofya Gubaydullina oversaw the design, reporting, and analysis of the survey results. Noreen Wambui and I ...

ublic Disclosure Aut olic Disclosure Authorize OMAN STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (SOES) Review of SOE Governance Practices WORLD BANK GROUP November 2024 (D m 1 1 ® e @ e h p ASS e 12 � 93 Cing l - Ex P tall 8 . 192 8 � C . 2 . . U er ite TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms . iv Acknowledgements . vi l. Executive Summary 1 The SOE Landscape II. ୧ III. State Ownership Arrangements . IV. Performance Management Framework . 18 V. SOE Board Structures and Functioning . VI. Transparency and Disclosure . 23 VI ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Malaysia is on track to achieve high-income status by 2025, driven by rising educational attainment and a rapidly aging population, which raises questions about the future role of migrant workers in the economy [5] - The 12th Malaysia Plan aims to reduce dependency on low-skilled migrant workers, promoting local participation and automation as alternatives [5][20] - The employment of low-skilled migrant workers is linked to lower productivity and wage levels, which may deter innovation and the creation of high-skilled jobs [5][9] Summary by Sections 1. Introduction - The Malaysian population is becoming increasingly educated, with over 40% of individuals aged 25 and older holding at least a post-secondary education [5] - The aging population necessitates the utilization of all labor sources, including women, youth, and migrant workers, to sustain economic growth [5] 2. Overview of Malaysia's Migration Policies - Malaysia employs a two-tiered work permit system for migrant workers, distinguishing between low-skilled "foreign workers" and high-skilled "expatriates" [11] - Low-skilled workers earn a minimum wage of RM1,500 per month, while high-skilled workers have varying salary levels based on their employment pass categories [11] 3. The Role of Migrant Workers in the Malaysian Labor Market - The share of migrant workers in the labor force has declined from 15.4% in 2013 to 11.6% in 2022, with a significant concentration in low-skilled jobs [28] - Migrant workers make up 44.7% of total employment in low-skilled jobs, while their share in mid- and high-skilled jobs is significantly lower [28] 4. Potential for Automation - The report highlights a generally positive relationship between the employment of migrant workers and the employment outcomes of Malaysian workers, with migrant workers more likely to perform automatable tasks [9] - The adoption of automation technologies is expected to have a substantial impact on Malaysian workers, given their larger share in the workforce [9] 5. Employment Landscape - The structural transformation of Malaysia's economy has led to a decline in agricultural employment from 58% in 1957 to 10.3% in 2021, with a shift towards services [22] - High-skilled jobs accounted for 70% of jobs created between 2013 and 2022, while low-skilled jobs saw a negative growth rate [24] 6. Migrant Worker Demographics - The majority of migrant workers are younger and less educated than Malaysian workers, with 67% having primary education or less [38] - The share of migrant workers aged 15 to 34 is 71.5%, contrasting with 47.3% for Malaysians, reflecting the aging population trend [38] 7. Sectoral Employment - Migrant workers are predominantly employed in sectors requiring low-skilled labor, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and construction [29] - The share of migrant workers in the agriculture sector increased from 21.1% in 2013 to 28.1% in 2022, while the share of citizens in this sector decreased [30]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the carbon markets industry Core Insights - The roadmap emphasizes the need for safe, efficient, and interoperable carbon market infrastructure to mobilize climate finance, particularly in developing countries [22][30] - It identifies critical bottlenecks in market infrastructure that could impede scalability, including unclear governance structures, inadequate information security, and insufficient data interoperability [31][32] - The report outlines three priority areas for action: Ecosystem Governance, Information Security and Transaction Integrity, and Data and Systems Interoperability [42][79] Summary by Sections Ecosystem Governance - The report highlights the complexity and fragmentation of carbon market governance, necessitating clear roles and responsibilities among stakeholders [48][49] - It calls for a comprehensive mapping of the ecosystem to identify inconsistencies and overlaps in roles, which can lead to inefficiencies [49][68] - The CMI WG aims to develop a guidance note to enhance clarity in governance structures and accountability [75][76] Information Security and Transaction Integrity - The report stresses the importance of robust information security measures to protect sensitive data related to carbon credits and transactions [80][85] - It outlines key concepts in information security, including data protection, encryption, and access control [81] - The integrity of transactions is crucial for maintaining trust in the market, requiring adherence to regulatory standards such as KYC and AML [82][84] Data and Systems Interoperability - The report identifies the lack of interoperability among data systems as a significant bottleneck, hindering effective information exchange across platforms [41][42] - It emphasizes the need for harmonization of data formats and standards to enhance transparency and scalability within carbon markets [42][68] - The CMI WG plans to release guidance notes focused on improving data interoperability by June 2025 [44][45]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report highlights a significant decline in government health spending (GHS) per capita across 63 low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) from 2019 to 2023, indicating a troubling trend for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [9][25][26] - The analysis reveals that the average real GHS per capita in LICs fell to approximately US$10.0 in 2023, while in LMICs, it reverted to around US$55, reflecting a broader decline in health spending priorities [56][57] - The report emphasizes the need for increased prioritization of health in government budgets to counteract funding shortfalls and achieve necessary spending levels for health services by 2030 [29][30][31] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - The report provides an overview of GHS trends from 2019 to 2023, indicating a decline in health spending and its share of general government expenditure (GGE) [25][26] - It underscores the challenges faced by countries in meeting health-related SDGs due to stagnant or declining health budgets [9][32] Trends in Government Spending on Health - The analysis shows that GHS per capita has experienced a steady decline post-pandemic, with average annual growth rates of only 0.4% in LICs and 0.9% in LMICs from 2019 to 2023, compared to pre-pandemic growth rates of 4.2% and 2.4% respectively [59][60] - The GHS-to-GGE ratio has also declined, indicating a reduced prioritization of health within government budgets, particularly in LICs where it fell to 5.6% in 2023 [65][66] Risks to Health Spending Sustainability - The report identifies 35 countries facing significant risks to GHS sustainability, with 32 of these countries experiencing a decline in the share of government spending allocated to health [28][84] - It highlights that future increases in GHS will depend on prioritizing health within government budgets and improving fiscal environments [86]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry [16]. Core Insights - The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) report validates the World Bank Group's Management Action Record (MAR) for FY24, assessing progress on 77 recommendations and proposing the retirement of 18 recommendations, indicating a significant focus on accountability and learning [16][17][61]. - The validation highlights that the Bank Group made swift progress on some recommendations while emphasizing the need for focused follow-up in key areas relevant to Better Bank initiatives [17][61]. Summary by Sections Overview - The MAR system supports accountability, learning, and adaptation for implementing IEG evaluation recommendations, covering evaluations from FY19 to FY23 [16][43]. Validation Framework - The MAR assessment framework includes a five-step process for conducting and validating the MAR, focusing on engagement, evidence collection, and reporting [49][50]. Progress Toward Achieving Intended Outcomes - Of the 77 recommendations tracked, 42 show emerging evidence or a change of direction, with 24 recommendations moving toward retirement in the coming years [61][62]. - Eight recommendations are identified as having limited or constrained progress, requiring senior management engagement [17][61]. Recommendations Proposed for Retirement - IEG proposes to retire 18 recommendations, with 17 demonstrating a change of direction and one showing emerging evidence after four cycles of tracking [18][19][61]. Quality of Evidence - Management's MAR reporting for FY24 builds on previous reports, providing a good standard of evidence and refining techniques to track progress linked to recommendations [65]. Pathways for Implementing Recommendations - The report outlines five pathways for implementing recommendations, emphasizing leadership direction, step-by-step progress, and leveraging institutional momentum [66][67][68].