Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the financial sector in Yemen, but it highlights the critical need for reforms and regulatory frameworks to stabilize the sector and promote economic recovery [17][28]. Core Insights - The Yemeni economy is heavily reliant on cash due to years of conflict, which has hindered the development of formal banking and financial infrastructure, leading to limited financial inclusion and widespread informality [17][18]. - The ongoing conflict has resulted in two parallel central banks, creating inconsistencies in regulatory standards and complicating compliance for financial institutions [19][20]. - Money exchangers have become increasingly important in the Yemeni economy, providing essential financial services and credit that traditional banks are unable to offer due to liquidity constraints and operational challenges [22][26]. - The demand for credit in Yemen significantly exceeds supply, with estimates suggesting that the demand is 5 to 8 times greater than the available credit, highlighting a critical gap in financial access for businesses [28]. Summary by Sections Executive Summary - The report emphasizes the deepening reliance on cash in Yemen's economy and the limitations of the formal banking sector, which has led to a significant portion of economic activity occurring outside the regulatory framework [17][18]. Chapter 1: The Central Bank - The chapter discusses the dual central banking system in Yemen, with CBY-Aden recognized internationally and CBY-Sana'a under Houthi control, leading to regulatory inconsistencies and challenges in compliance [19][20]. Chapter 2: The Banking Sector - The banking sector's limited footprint is highlighted, with a significant decline in risk-weighted assets and a shift towards government securities, indicating a state of financial repression [21]. - The introduction of an anti-usury law poses additional challenges for traditional banks, potentially diminishing their role in the economy [21]. Chapter 3: Money Transfer & Exchange Services - Money exchangers have emerged as key players in the financial landscape, providing services that banks cannot, and their liquidity-focused business model gives them an advantage in the cash-dominated economy [22][26]. - The chapter underscores the need for regulatory frameworks to oversee money exchangers, as their unregulated status poses risks to financial stability [23][24]. Chapter 4: Access to Finance - The report identifies significant barriers to credit access for firms, with a focus on the unmet demand for credit and the role of microfinance institutions in filling some gaps [28]. - Recommendations include promoting digital financial services and improving credit guarantee schemes to enhance access to finance for SMEs [32].

Policy Research Working Paper 10964 Yielding Insights Machine Learning-Driven Imputations to Filling Agricultural Data Gaps Ismaël Yacoubou Djima Marco Tiberti Talip Kilic WORLD BANK GROUP Development Economics Development Data Group November 2024 lic Disclosure Authori ic Disclosure Authori Policy Research Working Paper 10964 Abstract This paper addresses the challenge of missing crop yield data in large-scale agricultural surveys, where crop-cutting, the most accurate method for yield measurement, is ofte ...

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The paper emphasizes the interdependence of product market regulations (PMR) and labor market regulations (LMR), highlighting the necessity for tailored approaches to labor market promotion rather than uniform policies [2][9] - It identifies that PMR can enhance competition, leading to increased productivity and consumer welfare, while also positively impacting employment and wages [11][12] - The review underscores the importance of understanding the interactions between PMR and LMR for effective policy-making aimed at improving labor market outcomes [19][21] Summary by Sections Introduction - The introduction outlines the significance of regulations in shaping efficient and inclusive labor markets, focusing on the impacts of PMR and LMR on labor market outcomes [8] Methodology - The methodology section clarifies that the review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of how PMR and LMR affect various labor market outcomes across different contexts [26] Product Market Regulations - PMR significantly influence labor market outcomes by altering competition levels, which in turn affects employment demand and wage dynamics [41][42] - The review discusses various types of PMR, including those that promote competition and those that liberalize firm operations, and their implications for labor market conditions [23][36] Labor Market Regulations - The effects of LMR, such as minimum wage laws and employment protection legislation, are analyzed, showing their impact on living standards, productivity, and social cohesion [24][15] - Evidence suggests that binding LMR can enhance job security but may also have mixed effects on wages and productivity [16][17] Interaction between PMR and LMR - The report highlights the need for coherent design of PMR and LMR reforms, as their interactions can either mitigate or exacerbate labor market responses to regulatory changes [19][20] - It emphasizes that the effectiveness of PMR and LMR is context-dependent, varying by country and market conditions [35][44] Conclusion - The conclusion reiterates the importance of understanding the complex relationships between PMR and LMR to formulate effective labor market policies [25]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Lead paint exposure is a significant public health issue in Indonesia, with approximately 27,000 deaths attributed to lead poisoning in 2019 and 44.8% of Indonesians living in homes with lead paint as of December 2023 [2][14] - The prevalence of lead paint is particularly high among children, with about 10.2 million children aged five or younger living in homes with lead paint, and 14.1% of these children at risk of severe exposure due to deteriorating paint [2][14] - The economic impact of lead exposure in Indonesia is substantial, costing between $32 billion and $64 billion annually, which is equivalent to 0.8% to 1.7% of the national income [12][21] Summary by Sections Introduction - Lead is identified as the most damaging environmental toxin, with Indonesia being one of the most affected countries. The report highlights the severe long-term impacts of lead exposure on children's cognitive development and overall health [5][22] Health Impact - The report estimates that lead exposure results in significant health costs, including 1.7 million deaths globally and 40.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost annually. In Indonesia, lead exposure is responsible for 500,000 to 1 million DALYs lost each year [6][10] Lead Paint Prevalence - A nationally representative survey found that 44.8% of Indonesians live in homes with lead paint, with the highest prevalence in the Maluku & Papua region at 77% [14][43] - The survey indicates that 77% of popular paint brands tested contained unsafe levels of lead, with no paint colors found to be systematically lead-free [19][21] Socioeconomic Disparities - The report highlights significant socioeconomic disparities in lead paint exposure, with poorer households more likely to have lead paint in poor condition, leading to higher risks of lead poisoning [48][49] Economic Analysis - The report suggests that investments in lead paint pollution control measures could yield high returns, with estimates of return on investment ranging from 17 to 221 times [13][12] Conclusion - The findings underscore the urgent need for regulatory measures to address lead paint exposure in Indonesia, as the current voluntary guidelines are insufficient to protect public health [21][19]

授权公开披露 授权公开披露 授权公开披露 授权公开披露 学习贫困监测系列技术说明 5 5 | --- | --- | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------| | | | | | | | 学习贫困更新和修订 什么是新的 ？ | | | | | | 2024 年 4 月 | | | | | | Marie-Hélène Cloutier, Koen Martijn Geven, Halsey Rogers, Sheena Fazili, Yi Ning Wo ng, Maryam Ak ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Senegal has experienced significant economic growth, with GDP growth rates increasing from an average of 2.5% (2008-2013) to over 6.0% (2014-2019) due to favorable external conditions and strong performance in various sectors [23][24] - Despite growth, challenges such as high poverty rates (37.5% as of 2019) and income inequality persist, with the wealthiest 10% consuming 46% more than the poorest 40% [24] - The country is highly vulnerable to climate change, with projected temperature increases of 1.05°C to 1.15°C by 2050 and significant impacts on agriculture, which is crucial for the economy [31][33] - Senegal aims to transition to a low-carbon economy, with a Long-Term Vision (LTV) 2050 that emphasizes structural transformation and resilience [25][29] Summary by Sections Chapter 1: Climate Change and Development - Senegal's economy has grown rapidly, driven by foreign direct investment and strong performance in agriculture and industry [23] - Poverty and income inequality remain high, with structural vulnerabilities exacerbated by external shocks and climate change [24][29] Chapter 2: Climate Readiness - The report highlights the need for institutional coordination and climate-related legislation to enhance climate readiness [8][9] Chapter 3: Scaling Up Climate Action - The agricultural sector's low productivity and vulnerability to climate change necessitate significant investment in adaptation measures [28][29] Chapter 4: Engaging the Energy Transition - Senegal's energy transition strategy includes leveraging natural gas as a transitional power source while expanding renewable energy capacity [28][29] Chapter 5: Rationale for a Climate-Resilient, Low-Carbon Development Trajectory - The high cost of climate inaction is emphasized, with potential GDP losses projected due to climate impacts [29][30] Chapter 6: Financing Climate Action - The report discusses various financing sources and instruments to mobilize funding for climate action, including market-based instruments and concessional finance [6][9]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) has administered over 900 cases, representing more than 70% of all known international investment cases, indicating its significant role in investment dispute resolution [5] - In FY2024, ICSID registered 58 new cases under the ICSID Convention and Additional Facility, with a total of 991 cases registered since its inception in 1972, reflecting a robust demand for its services [6][31] - The report highlights a record 49 nationalities represented among arbitrators appointed in FY2024, with 29% of appointments involving women, showcasing progress in diversity [31][48] Summary by Sections Introduction - The ICSID is the only global institution dedicated to international investment dispute settlement, established in 1966 [2] Annual Report Overview - The report covers the fiscal year from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, detailing the operations and financial statements of ICSID [4] Caseload Trends - In FY2024, ICSID administered 341 cases, the second-largest number in its history, with 34% of its total caseload being managed during this fiscal year [31][32] - The majority of new cases involved the oil, gas, and mining sectors (28%), followed by electric power and other energy sources (17%) [43][44] Diversity and Appointments - The report notes that 32% of appointments involved nationals from low- or middle-income economies, and 23% of first-time appointees were women [47][48] - A total of 197 appointments were made to ICSID tribunals and ad hoc committees in FY2024, with 71% made by parties or party-appointed arbitrators [45][46] Geographic Distribution - The largest share of cases registered in FY2024 involved States in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (24%), followed by South America (19%) and North America (16%) [40][41] Economic Sectors - The extractive and energy sectors continued to dominate the caseload, with significant representation from transportation and construction sectors [43][44] Conclusion - ICSID's growth in membership and case administration reflects its importance in the global investment landscape, with ongoing efforts to modernize procedures and enhance service delivery [26][31]

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'ORLD BANK GROUP I LUE QB Public Disclosure Authorized ublic Disclosure Authorized ublic Disclosure Authorized 2024 88 RBON LIZE Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 | Internet: www.worldbank.org Disclaimer The content of this report does not reflect the official opinion of the project sponsors or their partner organization. Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely with the authors. Please c ...