来源：科技日报 科技日报记者 张佳欣 不同于现有中性原子平台中常见的"零或一"二值探测方式，该方法能够在单个"光镊"中区分并计数多个原子，而不会产生明显的成像模糊，从而实现精确的 原子数目原位测量。研究人员指出，这一能力对于中性原子量子计算的规模化发展、下一代原子钟的精度提升以及复杂多体量子模拟研究具有重要意义。 研究人员表示，传统成像通常需要较长曝光时间以收集足够光子信号，而他们采用了类似"相机闪光灯"的策略，在极短时间内对原子进行强烈照射，不仅显 著缩短了成像时间，还能获得足够高的信噪比。 该方法还结合了快速冷却步骤。研究人员解释说，原子在成像过程中会获得一定能量，但不足以逃离光学陷阱。通过短而强的荧光脉冲进行照射后，研究人 员可在极短时间内完成摄像，成像速度比典型方法快约1000倍。随后再利用快速冷却脉冲去除多余能量，使"光镊"内的原子能被反复成像。 在此基础上，研究团队还首次实现了对费米子同位素镱-173的单原子成像。该同位素具有6个内部基态能级，为构建基于"量子多能级"而非传统量子比特的 量子电路提供了实验基础，有望提升量子信息存储与处理效率。 研究人员表示，该成果为中性原子量子技术平台的发展提供了 ...

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China, in collaboration with Shanxi University, has achieved a significant breakthrough by realizing and detecting higher-order non-equilibrium topological phases using the programmable superconducting quantum processor "Zuchongzhi 2" [1][2] - This achievement marks an important step in quantum simulation, particularly in exploring complex topological states, and lays the groundwork for achieving quantum advantage in quantum simulation problems [1] Group 1 - The research successfully implemented quantum simulation and detection of both balanced and non-equilibrium second-order topological phases for the first time [2] - The team proposed theoretical designs for static and Floquet quantum circuits to address the challenges of constructing higher-order topological Hamiltonians in a two-dimensional superconducting qubit array [2] - A systematic optimization scheme for the processor was established, allowing for dynamic control of qubit frequency and coupling strength, leading to the successful execution of up to 50 Floquet periods of evolution operations on a 6x6 qubit array [2] Group 2 - The experiment successfully realized four different types of non-equilibrium second-order topological phases and systematically explored their energy spectrum, dynamical behavior, and topological invariants [2] - The realization of higher-order topological phases in quantum systems presents a significant scientific challenge and offers potential pathways for topological quantum computing based on non-Abelian statistics [1]

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China, in collaboration with Shanxi University, achieved a significant breakthrough by realizing and detecting higher-order non-equilibrium topological phases using the programmable superconducting quantum processor "Zuchongzhi 2" [1] Group 1: Research Achievements - The research marks an important advancement in quantum simulation, laying the groundwork for achieving quantum advantage in quantum simulation problems [1] - The team proposed static and Floquet quantum circuit design schemes for higher-order topological phases, addressing the critical challenge of constructing higher-order balanced and non-equilibrium topological Hamiltonians in a two-dimensional superconducting qubit array [1] - A universal framework for dynamical topological measurement was developed, enhancing the understanding of complex topological states [1] Group 2: Experimental Results - Researchers established a systematic processor optimization scheme, achieving dynamic control of qubit frequency and coupling strength through precise calibration [1] - In a 6×6 qubit array, the team successfully executed up to 50 Floquet periods of evolution operations, marking the first successful realization of four different types of non-equilibrium second-order topological phases [1] - The study systematically explored the energy spectrum, dynamical behavior, and topological invariants of the identified topological phases [1]

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China, including Pan Jianwei, Zhu Xiaobo, Peng Chengzhi, and Gong Ming, in collaboration with Mei Feng from Shanxi University, has achieved a significant breakthrough by realizing and detecting higher-order non-equilibrium topological phases in a quantum system using the programmable superconducting quantum processor "Zuchongzhi 2" [1] Group 1 - The achievement marks an important advancement in quantum simulation, particularly in exploring complex topological states [1] - This research lays the groundwork for utilizing superconducting quantum processors to achieve quantum advantage in quantum simulation problems [1] - The findings were published in the international academic journal "Science" on November 28 [1]

Core Insights - The article discusses a significant breakthrough in the field of quantum simulation, specifically the realization and detection of higher-order nonequilibrium topological phases (HOTPs) using a programmable superconducting quantum processor [1][5]. Group 1: Research Background - Topological phases have emerged as a crucial research direction in condensed matter physics and quantum simulation, with higher-order topological phases challenging traditional bulk-boundary correspondence [3]. - The realization of higher-order topological phases in quantum systems has been a scientific challenge, with potential implications for revealing the quantum nature of topological states and enabling topological quantum computing based on non-Abelian statistics [4]. Group 2: Experimental Achievements - The research team successfully implemented quantum simulation and detection of both balanced and nonequilibrium second-order topological phases using the "Zuchongzhi 2" superconducting quantum processor [5]. - They developed theoretical designs for static and Floquet quantum circuits to construct higher-order topological Hamiltonians in a two-dimensional superconducting qubit array, addressing key challenges in the field [5]. - The experimental setup involved a 6×6 qubit array, where the team executed up to 50 Floquet periods of evolution operations, successfully realizing four different types of nonequilibrium second-order topological phases and exploring their energy spectra, dynamical behaviors, and topological invariants [5][7].

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China, in collaboration with Shanxi University, has achieved a significant breakthrough by realizing and detecting higher-order non-equilibrium topological phases using the programmable superconducting quantum processor "Zuchongzhi No. 2" [1][3] - This achievement marks an important step in quantum simulation, paving the way for utilizing superconducting quantum processors to achieve quantum advantages in complex topological states [1][3] Group 1: Research Significance - Higher-order topological phases represent a crucial area of study in condensed matter physics and quantum simulation, differing from traditional topological phases by exhibiting localized states on lower-dimensional boundaries [3] - The realization of higher-order topological phases in quantum systems addresses a significant scientific challenge and has implications for revealing the quantum nature of topological states and potential pathways for topological quantum computing based on non-Abelian statistics [3] Group 2: Experimental Details - The experiment utilized a 6x6 two-dimensional qubit array to achieve periodic driving, successfully simulating and detecting both balanced and non-equilibrium second-order topological phases [5] - The research team developed static and Floquet quantum circuit design schemes to construct higher-order topological Hamiltonians in a two-dimensional superconducting qubit array, overcoming key challenges in the field [6] - A systematic optimization scheme for the processor was established, allowing for dynamic control of qubit frequency and coupling strength, leading to the successful execution of up to 50 Floquet periods and the exploration of various characteristics of the non-equilibrium second-order topological phase [6][7]

Group 1 - The third International Conference on Emerging Quantum Technologies highlighted China's leading position in quantum technology development, with experts discussing advancements and awarding the "Mozi Quantum Prize" [1][3] - The A-share quantum technology sector saw significant gains, with Guoshun Quantum (688027.SH) rising by 4.4%, Keda Guokong (300520.SZ) increasing by 3.7%, and Shenzhou Information (000555.SZ) up by 2.5% [1] Group 2 - The "Mozi Quantum Prize" for 2025 was awarded to three scientists in the field of quantum simulation, recognizing their contributions to the advancement of quantum science [3] - China's quantum communication capabilities have been demonstrated with the establishment of a 300-kilometer quantum direct communication network, showcasing the feasibility of long-distance secure communication [4] Group 3 - The development of the "Zuchongzhi No. 3" quantum computing prototype has set a new record in superconducting quantum computing, further establishing China's competitive edge in this area [4] - The National Natural Science Foundation of China has launched a major research plan with funding up to 7 million yuan for projects aimed at advancing quantum information science [6]

Core Insights - The 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) highlighted the importance of quantum simulation in overcoming classical computing limitations, with discussions focusing on the future trends and technological advancements in quantum technology [1][6] Group 1: Fundamental Research and Application Scenarios - Quantum simulation is seen as a key pathway to address the limitations of classical computing, but current NISQ devices face challenges such as hardware noise and modeling errors [2] - There is a debate on the core bottlenecks: one side emphasizes hardware measurement capabilities, while the other points to the lag in practical algorithms and software adaptation [2] - The relationship between computational power and understanding of material design is becoming increasingly intertwined, influencing scientific research and technological innovation [2] Group 2: Development Pathways - Experts propose differing technological routes for the industrialization of quantum computing, reflecting critical choices in the development of quantum technology [3] - One perspective advocates for photonic quantum computing through chip integration to achieve quantum superiority, which could lead to efficient simulations of molecular systems [3] - Another viewpoint stresses the need for collaborative innovation in algorithms, transmission, and architecture to address challenges in biomedicine and financial forecasting [3] Group 3: Algorithm Breakthroughs - Quantum simulation is described as a tool that can accurately replicate molecular processes, significantly reducing computational resource requirements for complex simulations [4] - Innovations in algorithms are expected to make complex molecular simulations feasible within the next five years, driving new material designs [4] Group 4: Collective Insights - The discussions at the conference reached a consensus on the potential of quantum simulation in optimization and material simulation, while also highlighting the need to overcome foundational research and industrialization challenges [5] Group 5: Industry Progress - The quantum computing industry is making steady progress, with companies like Turing Quantum showcasing the potential for industrial applications through advancements in photonic quantum technology [6] - The ongoing optimization of hybrid architectures is anticipated to lead to significant improvements in quantum simulation capabilities [6]

Core Insights - The 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) highlighted the importance of quantum simulation in overcoming classical computing limitations, with discussions focusing on the future trends and technological advancements in quantum technology [1][6] Group 1: Fundamental Research and Application Scenarios - Quantum simulation is seen as a key pathway to address the limitations of classical computing, but current NISQ devices face challenges such as hardware noise and modeling errors [3] - There is a debate on the core bottlenecks: one side emphasizes hardware measurement capabilities, while the other points to the lag in practical algorithms and software adaptation [3] - The relationship between computational power and understanding of material design is becoming increasingly intertwined, influencing scientific research and daily life [3] Group 2: Development Pathways - Experts propose differing technological routes for the industrialization of quantum computing, reflecting critical choices in quantum technology development [4] - One perspective advocates for photonic quantum computing through chip integration to achieve quantum superiority, which could lead to efficient simulations of molecular systems [4] - Another viewpoint stresses the need for collaborative innovation in algorithms, transmission, and architecture to address challenges in biomedicine and finance [4] Group 3: Algorithm Breakthroughs - Quantum simulation is described as a tool that can accurately replicate molecular dynamics, significantly reducing computational resource requirements for complex simulations [5] - Innovations in algorithms are expected to make complex molecular simulations feasible within the next five years, driving new material designs [5] Group 4: Diverse Perspectives - The discussions at the conference reached a consensus on the potential of quantum simulation in optimization and material simulation, while also highlighting the need to overcome foundational research and industrialization challenges [6] - The quantum computing industry is progressing steadily, with companies like Turing Quantum showcasing the potential for industrial applications through advancements in photonic quantum technology [6] - The breakthroughs in quantum hardware and algorithms are anticipated to redefine the boundaries of scientific research and industrial innovation [6]

Core Insights - The 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) highlighted the importance of quantum simulation in overcoming classical computing limitations, with a focus on interdisciplinary dialogue and expert discussions on future trends in quantum technology [1][6] Group 1: Fundamental Research and Application Scenarios - Quantum simulation is seen as a key pathway to address the limitations of classical computing, but current NISQ devices face challenges such as hardware noise and modeling errors [3] - There is a debate on the core bottlenecks: one side emphasizes hardware measurement capabilities, while the other points to the lag in practical algorithms and software adaptation [3] - The relationship between computational power and understanding of material design is becoming increasingly intertwined, influencing scientific research and daily life [3] Group 2: Development Pathways - Experts propose differing technological routes for the industrialization of quantum computing, reflecting critical choices in the development of quantum technology [4] - One perspective advocates for photonic quantum computing through chip integration to achieve quantum superiority, which could lead to efficient simulations of molecular systems [4] - Another viewpoint stresses the need for collaborative innovation in algorithms, transmission, and architecture to address challenges in biomedicine and financial forecasting [4] Group 3: Algorithm Breakthroughs - Quantum simulation is described as a tool that can accurately replicate molecular processes, significantly reducing computational resource requirements for complex simulations [5] - Innovations in algorithms are expected to make complex molecular simulations feasible within the next five years, driving new material designs [5] Group 4: Diverse Perspectives - The discussions at the conference reached a consensus on the potential of quantum simulation in optimization and material simulation, while also recognizing the need to overcome foundational research and industrialization challenges [6] - The quantum computing industry is progressing steadily, with companies like Turing Quantum showcasing the potential for industrial applications through advancements in photonic quantum technology [6] - The breakthroughs in quantum hardware and algorithms are poised to redefine the boundaries of scientific research and industrial innovation, prompting reflections on the future of human civilization [6]