Core Viewpoint - The flu is currently on the rise in China, with a positivity rate nearing 45%, indicating a shift to epidemic levels, and some provinces reaching high epidemic levels [1] Group 1: Flu Overview - Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, which has four types: A, B, C, and D. The predominant strain in China is currently the H3N2 subtype [3] - The flu typically peaks between late December and early January, followed by a decline [2] Group 2: Transmission and Symptoms - The flu spreads primarily through respiratory droplets from sneezing, coughing, or talking, and can also spread via contact with contaminated surfaces [4] - Typical symptoms of the flu include sudden high fever (often reaching 39°C to 40°C), chills, severe headaches, muscle aches, and extreme fatigue, distinguishing it from the common cold, which mainly affects the nose and throat [8] Group 3: Prevention and Vaccination - Vaccination is crucial for flu prevention, and it is still effective to get vaccinated even as flu activity rises, as antibodies take 2 to 4 weeks to develop [18] - The World Health Organization estimates that seasonal flu can lead to 3 million to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory disease-related deaths annually [19] - The flu vaccine significantly reduces the risk of severe illness and death, with a risk reduction of over 40% for the general population and even higher for vulnerable groups [19] Group 4: High-Risk Groups and Recommendations - High-risk groups for severe flu complications include infants, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with chronic health conditions [10] - It is advised that individuals in these high-risk categories seek medical attention promptly if flu symptoms develop [10]

11月27日，中国疾病预防控制中心发布数据显示，在全国门急诊流感样病例中，流感阳性率接近45%， 整体进入中流行水平，部分省份已达高流行水平。 监测数据显示，流行高峰一般出现在12月中下旬至1月初，之后将进入下降阶段。 认清流感 别把它和普通感冒混为一谈 接触传播：如触摸口鼻、眼睛等部位后病毒可能通过手传播到物体上，如把手放在键盘、门把手、开关 等处，他人再接触这些被病毒污染的物体后极易发生被感染。 流感的典型症状有哪些？ 与普通感冒有什么不同？ 普通感冒主要"折腾"鼻子和喉咙。 病原：可由不同种类病毒感染引发，为自限性疾病。 症状：集中在鼻咽部，如鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、喉咙痛。全身症状轻微，一般不发烧或仅低烧，通常一 周内自愈。 引起流感的病原体是什么？ 有什么特点？ 流感是流感病毒导致的急性呼吸道传染病。流感病毒分为甲、乙、丙、丁四型，当前我国流感流行毒株 以甲型H3N2亚型为主。每年的流行毒株是甲型H3N2亚型、甲型H1N1流感、乙型Victoria系中的一个亚 型或多个亚型，每年优势毒株不同是流感的正常规律。 流感是如何传播的？ 飞沫传播：如打喷嚏、咳嗽或说话时会产生带有病毒的飞沫，他人吸入这些飞沫后， ...

Core Insights - The flu is currently on the rise in China, with most provinces reaching epidemic levels, as reported by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [1] - The latest report indicates that flu-like cases in sentinel hospitals have reached the highest levels in four years, with northern provinces reporting 7.0% and southern provinces 6.7% of emergency cases being flu-like [1] - A total of 955 flu-like outbreaks were reported nationwide, with 741 caused by the H3N2 strain [1] - The World Health Organization estimates that seasonal flu can lead to 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory disease-related deaths globally each year [1] - The flu vaccine is the most effective and economical method to prevent flu, significantly reducing severe cases and mortality rates [1] Vaccination Insights - Annual flu vaccination is recommended as the vaccine is updated each year based on global monitoring data to match circulating strains [1] - The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention released the "Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccine Prevention (2025-2026)" on November 3, indicating changes in the vaccine components for the H3N2 strain compared to the previous year [1]

王亚军表示，感染流感后，会出现反复持续高热，并伴有明显乏力、全身肌肉关节疼痛等症状。有 些儿童会以咽痛、头疼或肌肉酸痛等为首发症状，如果出现这一情况，提示家长们要特别警惕和注意。 万一儿童感染流感怎么办？王亚军建议，要早干预、防加重。48小时之内是黄金干预期，因为此时 病毒在体内复制的量还不多，确诊之后应该尽早给予抗病毒治疗。有一些中成药，比如小儿肺热咳喘口 服液，在医生指导下，联合西药规范使用，可以快速缓解患儿咳嗽、发热等症状，并缩短症状持续的时 间。 在日常生活中，家长该如何为孩子筑起防线？中疾控建议，采取"疫苗+卫生习惯"的双防线策略。 根据日前发布的《中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南（2025—2026）》建议，所有≥6月龄且无接种禁忌 的人都应接种流感疫苗。 时值初冬，天气转寒。依托中国流感监测系统，疾控部门对各地流感活动实时开展监测预警和风险 评估，当前我国总体流感活动属于上升阶段，甲型H3N2亚型占比超过95%，有少量甲型H1N1和乙型流 感病毒同期流行。 针对儿童这一重点人群，流感防控的关键是什么？需要注意哪些问题？首都医科大学附属首都儿童 医学中心呼吸内科副主任医师王亚军进行了讲解。 "不同于普 ...

Core Viewpoint - The current flu season in China is experiencing a rapid increase in activity, with the H3N2 virus remaining dominant, and experts clarify that there are no new pathogens detected [1][3]. Group 1: Flu Virus Characteristics - The H3N2 subtype is not new and is a common variant, with known pathogens circulating rather than unknown ones [3]. - Influenza viruses undergo "antigenic drift," leading to seasonal outbreaks, but this does not imply that the virus is becoming stronger over time [5]. Group 2: Vaccination Insights - Despite the flu season being in full swing, it is still beneficial to receive the flu vaccine, especially for those who have recovered from flu-like symptoms [7][9]. - Vaccination is recommended after symptoms have subsided, and it is not advisable to vaccinate during the acute phase of infection [7]. Group 3: Prevention Strategies - A dual prevention strategy of vaccination and maintaining good hygiene practices is advised to mitigate flu transmission [11]. - Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections like the flu, and symptomatic treatment is recommended instead [12][14]. Group 4: Pediatric Considerations - Symptoms of flu in children can differ from adults, with younger children potentially showing less typical signs [15]. - Parents should monitor for severe symptoms in children and seek medical attention if necessary [17].

流感病毒"进化"了吗？专家回应： 那么，当季接种流感疫苗是否还有效？流感监测周报显示，国家流感中心对55株甲型H3N2流感毒株进 行抗原性分析，其中24株(43.6%)为世卫组织推荐疫苗组分A/Croatia/10136RV/2023(鸡胚株)的类似株， 31株(56.4%)为A/Croatia/10136RV/2023(鸡胚株)的低反应株；55株(100.0%)均为世卫组织推荐疫苗组分 A/District of Columbia/27/2023(细胞株)的类似株。 相关专家解释，国家流感中心对分离到的毒株与世卫组织推荐的当季疫苗组分中的对应同型别疫苗推荐 株进行比较，结果表明疫苗对当前流感病毒仍然有较高匹配性，对H3N2来说，细胞培养株的疫苗效果 要略优于鸡胚培养疫苗，这和病毒特性有关。进行抗原性分析的55株都是细胞株的类似株，表明毒株匹 配度高。 "流感疫苗是覆盖了三种以上亚型的多价疫苗。"彭质斌提醒，一个流行季可能不止一种流感病毒亚型流 行，不同的亚型之间是没有交叉保护的。即便感染了某种亚型的流感病毒，仍需接种流感疫苗预防其他 亚型感染，建议公众尽早接种流感疫苗，减少感染、发病以及发生重症的风险。 当 ...

Core Insights - The current flu activity in the country has entered a rapid increase phase, with most provinces reaching moderate epidemic levels [1] Group 1: Flu Vaccine Recommendations - It is not recommended to receive the flu vaccine during the acute phase of infection; vaccination should occur after symptoms have resolved and the body has mostly recovered [2] - For individuals who have experienced flu-like symptoms but have not been diagnosed and have self-recovered, vaccination is advised due to the high risk of respiratory infections during the autumn and winter seasons [3] - The current flu season is primarily dominated by the H3N2 subtype, but there are also instances of H1N1 and B-type flu circulating, indicating that vaccination can still provide protection against other subtypes even after infection with one [3] Group 2: Current Flu Situation - The flu virus is subject to antigenic drift, leading to seasonal epidemics; however, there are no new or unknown pathogens causing outbreaks this season [4] - The current flu season (2025-2026) is characterized by H3N2 as the main circulating strain, with a notable increase in reported outbreaks in schools and childcare facilities, particularly among the 5-14 age group [4] Group 3: Public Health Recommendations - A dual strategy of "vaccination + hygiene practices" is recommended to reduce the risk of infection and severe illness [5] - Good personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and proper respiratory etiquette, are essential, especially in public spaces [5] - Monitoring health conditions and minimizing contact with others when experiencing flu-like symptoms is crucial to prevent transmission [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The flu season has begun in Henan, with the H3N2 strain being the predominant virus, raising concerns about vaccination timing and selection [1][2]. Group 1: Flu Season and Virus Information - The flu season in northern provinces typically runs from October to March, with a significant increase in flu cases observed in Henan, particularly among children [1]. - The main circulating strain in Henan is the H3N2 virus, which has previously co-circulated with the BV strain in 2023 [1]. Group 2: Symptoms and Complications - Common symptoms of the flu include high fever (39°C-40°C), headaches, muscle aches, fatigue, cough, and sore throat, with potential complications such as pneumonia and seizures [2]. - A case was highlighted where a 13-year-old developed pneumonia after delayed treatment for flu symptoms, emphasizing the need for timely medical attention [2]. Group 3: Vaccination Recommendations - Annual flu vaccination is the most effective and economical way to prevent the flu, especially for high-risk groups such as infants, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses [2]. - Both trivalent and quadrivalent flu vaccines are approved in China, with sufficient supply currently available in Henan [2]. - The main difference between trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines is the number of virus subtypes they cover, and both types are effective in preventing the flu [2]. Group 4: Vaccination Timing - Flu vaccines typically take 2-4 weeks to generate antibodies, and it is recommended to get vaccinated as early as possible for optimal protection, although vaccination is still beneficial at any time during the flu season [2][3]. Group 5: Preventive Measures - In addition to vaccination, maintaining personal hygiene and enhancing physical health are crucial during the flu season, including avoiding crowded places, handwashing, and ensuring proper ventilation [3].

Core Viewpoint - The matching rate of the influenza vaccine for the H3N2 subtype has improved compared to previous years, with over 95% similarity to circulating strains, addressing public concerns about vaccine effectiveness against evolving viruses [1][2]. Group 1: Vaccine Effectiveness - The influenza vaccine is updated annually based on the World Health Organization's recommendations, ensuring better protection against the current circulating strains [1]. - Antibodies generated from the influenza vaccine typically decline after 6-8 months, necessitating annual vaccination for optimal protection during flu season [2][3]. - Even individuals who have previously contracted influenza should receive the vaccine, as different subtypes can circulate simultaneously, and immunity to one subtype does not confer protection against others [3]. Group 2: Current Influenza Situation - The overall influenza activity in the country is at a moderate level, with the H3N2 subtype accounting for over 95% of cases, while H1N1 and B type viruses are also present in smaller proportions [2]. - The winter and spring seasons are identified as high-risk periods for influenza and other acute respiratory infections, prompting health authorities to enhance vaccination efforts among vulnerable populations [3].

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